| Survey of Outdoor Education Literature (PE 440 ) |
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| Ron Watters, Professor of Outdoor Education |
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Survey of Outdoor Education Literature (PE 440) Social Movements
From: Strauss, William and Howe, Neil. Generations: The History of America's Future. New York: William Morrow, 1991 Two Types of Social Movements: Social movements separated by two phases of life and occur approximately every 40-45 years. Secular Crises and Spiritual Awakenings alternate with one another. Secular Crises Real world threat. Widespread fear for personal and social survival. Causes collective unity in face of a peril. Results in sudden institutional change. American Revolution (1773-1789) Civil War (1857-1865) Great Depression-World World II (1932-1945) Spiritual Awakenings Periods of cultural revitalization beginning with a general crisis of beliefs and values. Results in a profound reorientation in beliefs and values. Unlike a secular crisis, spiritual awakenings are driven by sudden value changes and society-wide effort to re-capture a feeling of spiritual authenticity. The emphasis is not on institutions but rather the spirit. Transcendental (1832-1837) Missionary (1886-1903) Boom Awakening (1967-1980) Return to: Outdoor Literature Course Main Page |
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