Idaho State University Undergraduate Catalog 2000-2001

Department of Biological Sciences

Chair and Professor: Seeley

Assistant Chair and Professor: L. Smith

Director of Graduate Programs and Professor: J. Anderson

Professors: R. Anderson, Farrell, House, Huntly, Inouye, Keller, Kritsky, J. McCune, R. McCune, Minshall, Peterson, F. Rose, J. Rose, Scalarone, Spall, Stephens, Trost, Urfer, Winston

Associate Professors: Akersten, Hill, Meldrum, Rodnick, Watwood

Assistant Professors: C. Anderson, Belzer, Brandon, Johnson, Keeley, Moodie, Poulson, Ptacek, R. Smith, Weiler, Xiang

Clinical Assistant Professor: Spiegel

Research Assistant Professors: Childress, Donahue, Laundré, Sommer, Williams

Affiliate Faculty: Apel, Blew, Bradley, Brattain, C. Bunde, Canham, Carlson-Lammers, Cherry, Chesson, Clark, Colwell, Connelly, Corn, Deveau, Garrison, Hernandez, Hoag, Johnson, Kazakevich, Keener, Landres, LaPatra, Markham, Mickelson, J. Minshall, Moen, Moran, Morris, Ostfeld, N. Poulson, Quigley, Reynolds, Roberto, Rosentreter, Shea, Shoaf, Vecellio, vonDohlen, Ward

Professors Emeriti: Bowmer, Griffith, Holte, Linder, Saul, Streubel, Tullis, White

Associate Professor Emeritus: D. Bunde

The Department of Biological Sciences offers the following undergraduate degrees:

Associate of Science in Biology
Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry*
Bachelor of Science in Biology
Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts in Botany
Bachelor of Science in Ecology
Bachelor of Science in Medical
Technology Bachelor of Science in Microbiology
Bachelor of Science in Microbiology/Medical Technology Emphasis
Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts in Zoology
*(Joint program with the Department of Chemistry.)

The student pursuing any B.S. degree in the biological sciences must complete General Education Goals 1, 2, 3; Goals 4 and 5; two of Goals 6, 7, 8; and three of Goals 9, 10, 11, and 12 (Goals 10A and 10B are alternate means of satisfying Goal 10), in addition to satisfying the departmental requirements. A student pursuing a B. A. in botany or zoology must complete all General Education Goals (i. e., Goals 1-9, 10 A and 10 B, and 11-12) in addition to satisfying the departmental requirements.

The biology major, with a minimum of required courses, is designed to present the student selecting this major with considerable latitude in developing his or her own program. It also has the flexibility of permitting a student to select courses to meet the State of Idaho requirements for teacher certification while completing a degree in the Department of Biological Sciences. The student is permitted 67 elective hours in the program. Eight of these credits must be selected from biology with the remainder restricted only by university general requirements.

The undergraduate majors in botany and zoology are designed to prepare students for professional and graduate schools. These majors incorporate the biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, and language required to meet the admission requirements of most graduate and professional schools. Included in these programs are the General Education Requirements as well as electives which permit considerable breadth in training.

The ecology program seeks to develop an understanding of ecological systems and their reactions to perturbations, expertise in problem solving and communication skills, and a solid background in basic ecology and supporting disciplines. The curriculum emphasizes environmental assessment and the collection and analysis of field data through in-depth studies of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The curriculum was designed to meet the needs of students who are interested in environmental assessment, planning, or conservation, or of those who wish to pursue advanced training in ecology or natural resource management.

The student majoring in microbiology, medical technology, or biochemistry is provided with a broad base of theoretical and practical knowledge which will qualify him or her either for an immediate career in microbiology, medical technology, or biochemistry or for further education in graduate or professional school. Men and women in the health professions use their microbiological and biochemical training daily to diagnose and treat disease conditions caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, cancers, and biochemical imbalances. Food microbiologists and research scientists directly apply their knowledge of the basic principles of microbiology and biochemistry in the development and processing of their products. Doctors, nurses, and medical and dental technicians constantly utilize microbiology training in their work.

Students should consult current departmental list of course rotations to determine which semesters and years these courses will be offered.

Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry

Freshman Year

EITHER these two courses:

BIOL 101       Biology I                      4 cr 
BIOL 102       Biology II                     4 cr 
OR these two courses:
BIOL 202       General Zoology                3 cr 
BIOL 203       General Botany                 3 cr 
Additional courses:
CHEM 111       General Chemistry I            5 cr 
CHEM 112       General Chemistry II           4 cr 
CHEM 114       Cations and Anions             1 cr 
COMM 101       Principles of Speech           2 cr 
ENGL 101       Composition                    3 cr 
MATH 147       Precalculus                    5 cr 
MATH 170       Calculus I                     4 cr 
                                  TAL: 30 or 32 cr
Sophomore Year
ENGL 102       Critical Reading and Writing   3 cr
CHEM 232       Quantitative Analysis          2 cr
CHEM 234       Quantitative Analysis Lab      2 cr
CHEM 301       Organic Chemistry I            3 cr
CHEM 302       Organic Chemistry II           3 cr
CHEM 303       Organic Chemistry Lab I        1 cr
CHEM 304       Organic Chemistry Lab II       1 cr
MATH 175       Calculus II                    4 cr
PHYS 211-212   Engineering Physics I & II     8 cr
PHYS 213-214   Engineering Physics Lab I & II 2 cr
IN ADDITION:   One of Goals 9,11 or 12        6 cr
                                      TOTAL: 32 cr
Junior Year
BIOS 206       Cell Biology                   3 cr
BIOS 207       Cell Biology Laboratory        1 cr
BIOS 235       General Microbiology           4 cr
CHEM 331       Instrumental Analysis          2 cr
CHEM 334       Instrumental Analysis Lab      2 cr
CHEM g351-g352 Physical Chemistry             6 cr
IN ADDITION:   Foreign Language (Goal 10B)    8 cr
               Two of Goals 6, 7 and 8        6 cr
                                     TOTAL:  32 cr
Senior Year
BIOS 334       Experimental Biochemistry      1 cr
BIOS g445      Biochemistry I                 3 cr
BIOS g447      Biochemistry II                3 cr
BIOS g448      Advanced Experimental   
               Biochemistry                   2 cr
CHEM g491-g492 Seminar                        2 cr
               OR
BIOS g491-g492 Seminar, to total:             2 cr
               OR
BIOS 494       Seminar in Microbiology 
               (A minimum of 1 credit must be 
               in CHEM 491,492 or BIOS 494.)
IN ADDITION:   One of Goals 9, 11, 12         3 cr
               Electives                     20 cr
                                      TOTAL: 34 cr
Suggested Electives
CHEM 211       Inorganic Chemistry I          2 cr
               OR
CHEM 305       Organic Chemistry Lab III      2 cr
CHEM g453      Modern Experimental 
               Physical Chemistry             2 cr
MATH 275       Calculus III                   4 cr
MATH g330      Linear Algebra                 3 cr
               OR
MATH g360      Differential Equations         3 cr

Bachelor of Science in Biology

EITHER these TWO courses: 
BIOL 101       Biology I                      4 cr 
BIOL 102       Biology II                     4 cr
 
OR these FOUR courses:

BIOL 202       General Zoology                3 cr
BIOL 202L      General Zoology Laboratory     1 cr
BIOL 203       General Botany                 3 cr
BIOL 203L      General Botany Laboratory      1 cr

Additional courses:
BIOS 206       Cell Biology                   3 cr
BIOS 207       Cell Biology Laboratory        3 cr
BIOS 209       General Ecology                4 cr
BIOS 221       Introductory Microbiology      3 cr
BIOS 223       Introductory Microbiology
               Laboratory                     1 cr
BIOS g317      Organic Evolution              3 cr
BIOS 358       Genetics                       3 cr
BIOS g491-g492 Seminar                        2 cr
               Electives                      8 cr
(must include course work in both upper division 
botany and zoology)

CHEM 101       Essentials of Chemistry I      5 cr
CHEM 102       Essentials of Chemistry II     5 cr
               OR
CHEM 111       General Chemistry I            5 cr
CHEM 112       General Chemistry II           4 cr
MATH 147       Precalculus                    5 cr
MATH 160       Brief Calculus                 4 cr
                                      TOTAL: 66 cr

Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts in Botany

EITHER these TWO courses:

BIOL 101       Biology I                      4 cr
BIOL 102       Biology II                     4 cr
OR these FOUR courses:
BIOL 202       General Zoology                3 cr
BIOL 202L      General Zoology Laboratory     1 cr
BIOL 203       General Botany                 3 cr
BIOL 203L      General Botany Laboratory      1 cr
Additional courses:
BIOS 206       Cell Biology                   4 cr
BIOS 207       Cell Biology Laboratory        1 cr
BIOS 209       General Ecology                4 cr
BIOS g304      Elements of Plant Physiology   4 cr
BIOS 312       Systematic Botany              4 cr
BIOS g317      Organic Evolution              3 cr
BIOS 358       Genetics                       3 cr 
BIOS g405      Plant Anatomy                  3 cr
BIOS g406      Plant Morphology               4 cr
BIOS g491-g492 Seminar                        2 cr
CHEM 111       General Chemistry I            5 cr
CHEM 112       General Chemistry II           4 cr
CHEM 301       Organic Chemistry I            3 cr
CHEM 302       Organic Chemistry II           3 cr
CHEM 303       Organic Chemistry Lab I        1 cr
CHEM 304       Organic Chemistry Lab II       1 cr
MATH 147       Precalculus                    5 cr
MATH 160       Brief Calculus                 4 cr
PHYS 111       General Physics I              3 cr
PHYS 112       General Physics II             3 cr
PHYS 113-114   General Physics Lab I and II   2 cr
Foreign Language                              8 cr
                                      TOTAL: 82 cr

Bachelor of Science in Ecology

Required Courses

EITHER these TWO courses:

BIOL 101       Biology I                     4 cr
BIOL 102       Biology II                    4 cr

OR these FOUR courses:

BIOL 202       General Zoology               3 cr
BIOL 202L      General Zoology Laboratory    1 cr
BIOL 203       General Botany                3 cr
BIOL 203L      General Botany Laboratory     1 cr
Additional courses:
BIOS 206        Cell Biology                 3 cr
BIOS 207        Cell Biology Laboratory      1 cr
BIOS 192        Ecology Seminar              1 cr
BIOS 209        General Ecology              4 cr
BIOS g303       Principles of Animal 
                Physiology                   4 cr
                OR
BIOS g304       Elements of Plant Physiology 4 cr
BIOS 315        Introduction to Biometry     3 cr
BIOS g317       Organic Evolution            3 cr
BIOS g318       Ecological Topics          1-3 cr
BIOS 337        Conservation of Natural
                Resources                    3 cr
BIOS 358        Genetics                     3 cr
BIOS g489       Field Ecology                3 cr
BIOS 491 OR 492 Senior Seminar               1 cr
BIOS 496        Ecology Senior Seminar       1 cr
Select two of the following ecology courses:
BIOS 320       Physiological Ecology         3 cr
BIOS g408      Plant Ecology                 3 cr
BIOS g416      Community Ecology             3 cr
BIOS g452      Population Ecology            3 cr
BIOS g459      Fish Ecology                  3 cr
BIOS g462      Freshwater Ecology            3 cr
BIOS g476      Ecology of Water Pollution    3 cr
Select one of the following natural history and systematics courses

(2-4 credits):

BIOS g309      Range Agrostology             2 cr
BIOS g310      Invertebrate Zoology          4 cr
BIOS g311      Dendrology                    3 cr
BIOS 312       Systematic Botany             4 cr
BIOS g426      Herpetology                   3 cr
BIOS g427      Ichthyology                   3 cr
BIOS g431      General Entomology            3 cr
BIOS g438      Ornithology                   3 cr
BIOS g441      Mammalogy                     3 cr

Courses required outside the

department:

CHEM 111       General Chemistry I           5 cr
CHEM 112       General Chemistry II          4 cr
CHEM 301       Organic Chemistry I           3 cr
CHEM 302       Organic Chemistry II          3 cr
CHEM 303       Organic Chemistry Lab I       1 cr
CHEM 304       Organic Chemistry Lab II      1 cr
GEOL 101       Physical Geology              3 cr
GEOL 101L      Physical Geology Laboratory   1 cr
MATH 147       Precalculus                   5 cr
MATH 160       Brief Calculus                4 cr
PHYS 111       General Physics I             3 cr
PHYS 112       General Physics II            3 cr
Recommendations

It is recommended that additional credits be taken in BIOS g481-g482, Independent Problems, or BIOS 493, Senior Thesis, in the area of ecology. ECON 201 and 202 are highly recommended (only 3 credits apply toward General Education Requirements, Goal 11). In addition, a student should take a minimum of 9 credits in a single area of concentration outside the Biological Sciences Department, e.g. business, computer science, political science.

Bachelor of Science in Medical

Technology

Students may apply for entry into medical technology clinical training at an affiliated hospital at the end of the third year of the microbiology or microbiology/medical technology emphasis curriculum. The student must register for BIOS 411 (Medical Technology- Internship) to receive academic credit for the clinical training. If all General Education Requirements are completed before the student enters the training program, a B.S. degree in medical technology will be awarded to the student upon completion of the clinical training program. However, because training programs seldom accept students after only three years of academic work, it is recommended that the student plan to complete the four year curriculum and earn a B.S. degree in microbiology or microbiology/medical technology emphasis. The fifth year (twelve-month training period) would then be spent in an approved medical technology training program at an affiliated hospital. During that year, the student would earn an additional 32 credits in BIOS 411 (Medical Technology-Internship) and a B.S. in medical technology.

Students should consult the department chair about training program applications during the spring semester of their junior year (or one calendar year prior to the planned beginning of the training program).

Bachelor of Science in Microbiology

The General Education and Total University Credit Requirements must be met. See General Education Goals for a B.S. degree. A minimum of 128 credits are required for graduation. 36 of these must be upper division credits.

Courses in Biological Sciences

BIOL 202     General Zoology                    3 cr
BIOL 203     General Botany                     3 cr
BIOS 235     General Microbiology               4 cr
BIOS 236     Advanced General       
             Microbiology                       3 cr
BIOS g332*   Biochemistry                       3 cr
BIOS g334    Experimental Biochemistry          1 cr
BIOS g351    Immunology                         3 cr
BIOS 353     Immunology Laboratory              1 cr
BIOS g355    Pathogenic Microbiology            3 cr
BIOS 357     Pathogenic Microbiology
             Laboratory                         2 cr
BIOS g433    Microbial Physiology               4 cr
BIOS g465    Microbial Genetics                 3 cr
BIOS g467    Microbial Genetics 
             Laboratory                         1 cr
BIOS g475    General Virology                   3 cr
BIOS g477    Bacterial Virology       
             Laboratory                         1 cr
             OR
BIOS g478    Animal Virology Laboratory         1 cr
BIOS g491    Senior Seminar                     1 cr
             OR
BIOS g492    Senior Seminar                     1 cr
BIOS 494     Senior Seminar                     1 cr
             (Minimum of 1 cr. must
             be in BIOS 494)
Courses in Math
MATH 147     Precalculus                        5 cr
MATH 160**   Brief Calculus                     4 cr

Courses in Chemistry

CHEM 111     General Chemistry I                5 cr
CHEM 112     General Chemistry II               4 cr
CHEM 301     Organic Chemistry I                3 cr
CHEM 302     Organic Chemistry II               3 cr
CHEM 303     Organic Chemistry Lab I            1 cr
CHEM 304     Organic Chemistry Lab II           1 cr
CHEM 232     Quantitative Analysis              2 cr
CHEM 234     Quantitative Analysis Lab          2 cr

Courses in Physics

PHYS 111     General Physics I                  3 cr
PHYS 112     General Physics II                 3 cr
PHYS 113-114 General Physics Laboratory         2 cr
Courses in Foreign Language
             Foreign Language                   8 cr

Any of the foreign language offered at ISU. This 
requirement is waived for those who have taken 2 or 
more years of high school foreign language with a grade 
of "C" or above. A high school transcript must be 
delivered to the Department of Biological Sciences
*Students electing to take BIOS 447 (Biochemistry II) are advised to take BIOS 445 as the first biochemistry course.

**Students electing to take MATH 175 are advised to take MATH 170 rather than MATH 160 as the first calculus course.

Bachelor of Science in Microbiology/Medical Technology Emphasis

Freshman Year

EITHER these two courses:

BIOL 101     Biology I                          4 cr
BIOL 102     Biology II                         4 cr
OR this course:
BIOL 202     General Zoology                    3 cr
Additional Courses:
CHEM 111     General Chemistry I                5 cr
CHEM 112     General Chemistry II               4 cr
COMM 101     Principles of Speech               2 cr
ENGL 101     Composition                        3 cr 
MATH 147     Precalculus                        5 cr
MATH 160     Brief Calculus                     4 cr
One of Goals 6, 7 or 8                          3 cr
One of Goals 9, 10A, 11 or 12                   3 cr
                                  TOTAL: 32 or 37 cr
Sophomore Year
BIOS 235     General Microbiology              4 cr
BIOS 236     Advanced General Microbiology     3 cr
CHEM 301     Organic Chemistry I               3 cr
CHEM 302     Organic Chemistry II              3 cr
CHEM 303     Organic Chemistry Lab I           1 cr
CHEM 304     Organic Chemistry Lab II          1 cr
ENGL 102     Critical Reading and Writing      3 cr
PHYS 111     General Physics I                 3 cr
PHYS 112     General Physics II                3 cr
PHYS 113-114 General Physics Lab I & II        2 cr
IN ADDITION: Two of Goals 9, 10A,11, or 12     6 cr
                                       TOTAL: 32 cr
Junior Year
BIOS 301     Anatomy and Physiology            4 cr
             AND
BIOS 302     Anatomy and Physiology            4 cr
             OR
BIOS g449    Human Physiology I                4 cr
             AND
BIOS g456    Human Physiology II               4 cr
BIOS g332    Biochemistry                      3 cr
BIOS 334     Experimental Biochemistry         1 cr
BIOS g351    Immunology                        3 cr
BIOS 353     Immunology Laboratory             1 cr
BIOS g355    Pathogenic Microbiology           3 cr
BIOS 357     Pathogenic Microbiology
             Laboratory                        2 cr
CHEM 232     Quantitative Analysis             4 cr
CHEM 234     Quantitative Analysis Lab         2 cr
IN ADDITION: One of Goals 6, 7, or 8           3 cr
             Electives                         4 cr
                                       TOTAL: 32 cr
Senior Year
BIOS g423      Parasitology                   3 cr
BIOS g433      Microbial Physiology           4 cr
BIOS g465      Microbial Genetics             3 cr
BIOS g466*     Medical Mycology               3 cr
BIOS g475      General Virology               3 cr
BIOS g477      Bacterial Virology Laboratory  1 cr
               OR
BIOS g478      Animal Virology Laboratory     1 cr
BIOS g491-g492 Seminar, to total:             2 cr
               OR
BIOS 494       Seminar in Microbiology
               (A minimum of 1 credit
               must be in BIOS 494)
IN ADDITION:   Electives                     13 cr
                                      TOTAL: 32 cr

*Students in sequence so that BIOS g466 falls in their senior year must take CHEM 232, 234 in their junior year. If BIOS g466 falls during the junior year, the student must take CHEM 232, 234 in the senior year.

Recommended Electives

BIOS g419    Mammalian Histology             4 cr
BIOS g444    General Pathology               4 cr
BIOS 206     Cell Biology                    3 cr
BIOS 207     Cell Biology Laboratory         1 cr
CIS 101      Introduction to Computer 
             Systems                         3 cr
MATH 253     Introduction to Statistics      3 cr
MGT g312     Individual and Organizational
             Behavior                        3 cr
MGT g473     Personnel Management            3 cr

Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts in Zoology

Required Courses

EITHER these TWO courses:

BIOL 101     Biology I                      4 cr
BIOL 102     Biology I                      4 cr
OR these FOUR courses:
BIOL 202     General Zoology               3 cr
BIOL 202L    General Zoology Laboratory    1 cr
BIOL 203     General Botany                3 cr
BIOL 203L    General Botany Laboratory     1 cr
Additional Courses:
BIOS 206       Cell Biology                   3 cr
BIOS 207       Cell Biology Laboratory        1 cr
BIOS 209       General Ecology                4 cr
BIOS g303      Principles of Animal 
               Physiology                     4 cr
BIOS g310      Invertebrate Zoology           4 cr
BIOS g314      Comparative Vertebrate 
               Anatomy                        4 cr
               OR
BIOS g324      Comparative Embryology and
               Human Development              4 cr
BIOS g317      Organic Evolution              3 cr
BIOS 358       Genetics                       3 cr
BIOS g491-g492 Seminar                        2 cr
CHEM 111       General Chemistry I            5 cr
CHEM 112       General Chemistry II           4 cr
CHEM 301       Organic Chemistry I            3 cr
CHEM 302       Organic Chemistry II           3 cr
CHEM 303       Organic Chemistry Lab I        1 cr
CHEM 304       Organic Chemistry Lab II       1 cr
MATH 147       Precalculus                    5 cr
MATH 160       Brief Calculus                 4 cr
PHYS 111       General Physics I              3 cr
PHYS 112       General Physics II             3 cr
PHYS 113-114   General Physics Lab I and II   2 cr
               Foreign Language               8 cr
Electives      (upper-division zoology)       3 cr
                                      TOTAL: 81 cr

Minors in Biological Sciences

Minor in Biology

The Biology Minor is available only for majors outside of the Biological Sciences.

EITHER these two courses:

BIOL 101     Biology I                   4 cr
BIOL 102     Biology II                  4 cr

OR TWO of the following three 2-course combinations:

BIOL 202     General Zoology             3 cr
BIOL 202L    General Zoology Laboratory  1 cr
BIOL 203     General Botany              3 cr 
BIOL 203L    General Botany Laboratory   1 cr 
BIOS 221     Introductory Microbiology   3 cr
BIOS 22      Introductory Microbiology
             Laboratory                  1 cr

Additional courses:

BIOS 206     Cell Biology                3 cr
BIOS 207     Cell Biology Laboratory     1 cr
BIOS 209     General Ecology             4 cr
BIOS g317    Organic Evolution           3 cr
BIOS 358     Genetics                    3 cr
             Upper division Biology 
             courses                   3-4 cr
                       TOTAL:     25 or 26 cr
Minor in Botany

EITHER these two courses:

BIOL 101     Biology I                  4 cr
BIOL 102     Biology II                 4 cr
             OR these two courses:
BIOL 203     General Botany             3 cr
BIOL 203L    General Botany Laboratory  1 cr
Additional Courses:
BIOS 206     Cell Biology               3 cr
BIOS 207     Cell Biology Laboratory    1 cr
BIOS 209     General Ecology            4 cr
BIOS g317    Organic Evolution          3 cr
BIOS 358     Genetics                   3 cr
             Upper division Botany 
             courses*                 7-8 cr
                    TOTAL: 25-26 or 29-30 cr     

*BIOS g481-g482 and BIOS g491-g492 may not be used 
without prior approval of the departmental chair 
or assistant chair.

Minor in Ecology

EITHER these TWO courses:

BIOL 101     Biology I                  4 cr
BIOL 102     Biology II                 4 cr
OR these FOUR courses:
BIOL 202     General Zoology            3 cr
BIOL 202L    General Zoology Laboratory 1 cr
BIOL 203     General Botany             3 cr
BIOL 203L    General Botany Laboratory  1 cr
Additional Courses:
BIOS 192     Ecology Seminar            1 cr
BIOS 209     General Ecology            4 cr
Any combination of the following courses to total 12 credits:
BIOS g318    Ecological Topics          2 cr
BIOS 320     Physiological Ecology      3 cr
BIOS 337     Conservation of Natural 
             Resources                  3 cr
BIOS g408    Plant Ecology              3 cr
BIOS g416    Community Ecology          3 cr
BIOS g452    Population Ecology         3 cr
BIOS g459    Fish Ecology               3 cr
BIOS g462    Fresh Water Ecology        3 cr
BIOS g476    Ecology of Water Pollution 3 cr
BIOS g489    Field Ecology              3 cr
                           TOTAL:      21 cr

(BIOS g481-g482 and BIOS g491-g492 may not be used 
without prior approval of the departmental chair 
or assistant chair.)
Minor in Microbiology
BIOS 235     General Microbiology       4 cr
BIOS 236     Advanced General
             Microbiology               3 cr
Any combination of the following courses to total 14 credits:
BIOS g332    Biochemistry               3 cr
BIOS 334     Experimental Biochemistry  1 cr
BIOS g351    Immunology                 3 cr
BIOS 353     Immunology Laboratory      1 cr
BIOS g355    Pathogenic Microbiology    3 cr
BIOS 357     Pathogenic Microbiology
             Laboratory                 2 cr
BIOS g433    Microbial Physiology       4 cr
BIOS g465    Microbial Genetics         3 cr
BIOS g467    Microbial Genetics 
             Laboratory                 1 cr
BIOS g475    General Virology           3 cr
BIOS g477    Bacterial Virology 
             Laboratory                 1 cr
BIOS g478    Animal Virology Laboratory 1 cr          
                            TOTAL:     21 cr

(BIOS g481-g482, BIOS g491-g492, and BIOS 494 may not 
be used without prior approval of the departmental 
chair or assistant chair)

Minor in Zoology

EITHER these two courses:

BIOL 101     Biology I                 4 cr
BIOL 102     Biology II                4 cr
OR these two courses:
BIOL 202      General Zoology          3 cr
BIOL 202L     General Zoology 
              Laboratory               1 cr
Additional Courses:
BIOS 206     Cell Biology              3 cr
BIOS 207     Cell Biology Laboratory   1 cr
BIOS 209     General Ecology           4 cr
BIOS g317    Organic Evolution         3 cr
BIOS 358     Genetics                  3 cr
             Upper division 
             Zoology courses*        7-8 cr
                   TOTAL: 25-26 or 29-30 cr
*BIOS g481-g482 and BIOS g491-g492 may not be 
used without prior approval of the departmental 
chair or assistant chair.

Associate of Science in Biology

Students seeking an Associate of Science degree in Biology must complete the following:

General Education Goals for the Bachelor of Science* variable
BIOL 202-202L  General Zoology and Lab        4 cr 
BIOL 203-203L  General Botany and Lab         4 cr 
BIOS 209       General Ecology                4 cr 
BIOS 206207    Cell Biology and Lab           4 cr 
               OR 
BIOS 221223    Introductory Microbiology 
               and Lab                        4 cr 
CHEM 111112**  General Chemistry I and II     8 cr 
               OR
CHEM 101102    Essentials of Chemistry 
               I and II                      10 cr 
MATH 147       College Algebra and 
               Trigonometry                   5 cr 
MATH 160***    Brief Calculus                 4 cr 
               OR
PHYS 111113    General Physics I and Lab      5 cr 
Electives to bring total to 64 cr         variable 
                                      TOTAL: 64 cr

* The number of credits required for the General 
Education requirements varies depending on the 
student's performance on proficiency or placement 
tests in English, foreign languages, and mathematics. 
** Chemistry 111 and 112 are highly recommended. 
Chemistry 111 and 112 are required for all BS and BA 
degrees in the biological sciences except for a BS in 
Biology and they are required for nearly all professional 
programs. Please talk to your academic advisor. 
***MATH 160 Brief Calculus is highly recommended. 
MATH 160 is required for all BS and BA degrees in the 
biological sciences. Please talk to your academic advisor. 

Biological Sciences Courses

BIOL 100 Concepts Biology: Human Concerns 4 credits. Considers biological issues related to human environment, population, inheritance, and basic concepts of resource conservation. Historical, contemporary and future implications of these issues are discussed. Satisfies Goal 4 of the General Education Requirements. F, S

BIOL 101 Biology I 4 credits. Major concepts in biology with an emphasis on the acquisition of new knowledge, cell structure and function, principles of inheritance, and evolution. This course is for students majoring in the biological sciences. No credit if taken after BIOL 202 or 203. F

BIOL 102 Biology II 4 credits. Major concepts in biology with an emphasis on the development of diversity, plant and animal structure and function, ecology, and behavior. This course is for students majoring in the biological sciences. No credit if taken after BIOL 202 or 203. PREREQ: BIOL 101. S

BIOL 202 General Zoology 3 credits. General study of animals. Combination of BIOL 202-202L satisfies Goal 4 of the General Education Requirements. No credit if taken after BIOL 101. F, S

BIOL 202L General Zoology Laboratory 1 credit. Exercises designed to introduce the tools, techniques, and significance of experimentation in the zoological sciences. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOL 202. Combination of BIOL 202-202L satisfies Goal 4 of the General Education Requirements. F, S

BIOL 203 General Botany 3 credits. General study of plants. Combination of BIOL 203-203L satisfies Goal 4 of the General Education Requirements. No credit if taken after BIOL 101. F, S

BIOL 203L General Botany Laboratory 1 credit. Exercises designed to introduce the tools, techniques and significance of experimentation in the botanical sciences. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOL 203. Combination of BIOL 203-203L satisfies Goal 4 of the General Education Requirements. F, S

BIOL 205 Heredity and Its Implications 4 credits. Principles of heredity, especially of man, and their implications in human affairs. Satisfies Goal 4 of the General Education Requirements. D

BIOS 192 Ecology Seminar 1 credit. Designed to acquaint majors or interested students with the field of conservation and to provide opportunities for interaction among students, faculty and professionals. S

BIOS 206 Cell Biology 3 credits. Study of the structure and function of cells as they respond to the environment. PREREQ: BIOL 202 OR 101 and 102; ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F, S

BIOS 207 Cell Biology Laboratory 1 credit. Laboratory experiments emphasizing an evolutionary approach to cell structure and function, including basic techniques of tissue culture. F, S

BIOS 208 Homesteading 3 credits. A course emphasizing the application of ecological and biological principles of self-reliant living in balance with nature. AS

BIOS 209 General Ecology 4 credits. Organisms in relation to their environment. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. F

BIOS 213 Fall Flora 2 credits. For teachers and others who wish to become acquainted with Idaho plants. Common names are emphasized. Common cultivated and native plants are collected and identified. F

BIOS 214 Spring Flora 2 credits. For those who wish to become acquainted with the common names and habitat of edible, poisonous, native, and cultivated springtime plants of southeast Idaho. Identification and collection techniques are emphasized. S

BIOS 221 Introductory Microbiology 3 credits. Essential principles of microbiology and an introduction to various applications of economic importance. No credit if taken after BIOS 235. PREREQ: CHEM 101 OR CHEM 111 AND BIOL 202 OR 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. F, S

BIOS 223 Introductory Microbiology Laboratory 1 credit. To be accompanied or preceded by BIOS 221. F, S

BIOS 230 Bioethics 3 credits. Examination of recent advances in biology and medicine in relation to basic ethical theories and traditional value systems. Focuses on human reproduction, genetic engineering, medical care, humans as experimental subjects, environmental issues, and death and dying. D

BIOS 235 General Microbiology 4 credits. Comparative taxonomy, cytology, physiology, genetics, immunology, and ecology of microorganisms, and a survey of important applications. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOL 202 OR BIOL 101 AND 102 AND CHEM 301, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F, S

BIOS 236 Advanced General Microbiology 3 credits. Advanced topics in general microbiology with lecture and lab emphasis on modern developments in the science. PREREQ: BIOS 235 OR EQUIVALENT. S

BIOS 243 Nature Photography 2 credits. A course involving the techniques of maxi-, mini-, and micro-nature photography. Darkroom procedures will be covered. D

BIOS 250 Physiological Aspects of Mountaineering 3 credits. The study of human physiology as it relates to general mountaineering and outdoor pursuits in adverse environments. Topics include acclimatization to temperature, mountain sickness, energetics. PREREQ: BIOL 202 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. D

BIOS 301 Anatomy and Physiology 4 credits. Structures and functions of integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. PREREQ: BIOL 202 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. F

BIOS 302 Anatomy and Physiology 4 credits. Structures and functions of circulatory, respiratory, urinary, digestive, endocrine, and reproductive systems. PREREQ: BIOL 202 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. S

BIOS g303 Principles of Animal Physiology 4 credits. Compares homeostatic processes including ionic and osmotic regulation, nerve and muscle physiology, circulation, and respiration. Lecture and Laboratory. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102 AND ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY. S

BIOS g304 Elements of Plant Physiology 4 credits. The physical and chemical basis of plant life including absorption, transpiration, food synthesis, growth, and reproduction. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102 AND ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY.F

BIOS 305 Introduction to Pathobiology 3 credits. Concepts of pathobiology, to include causes, common mechanisms and manifestations of human disease. Patterns of pathogenesis as related to physiological mechanisms are examined. PREREQ: BIOL 202; BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302. F

BIOS 306 Laboratory Exercises in Pathobiology 1 credit. Exercises to demonstrate concepts of pathobiology including causes, common mechanisms and manifestations of disease. COREQ: BIOS 305. D

BIOS g307 Radiobiology 3 credits. Survey of the effects of ionizing radiation on living matter at the subcellular, cellular, and organismal levels. PREREQ: BIOL 202 OR 203; PHYSICS 111, 112, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. S

BIOS g309 Range Agrostology 2 credits. Study of grasses with emphasis on western species. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. AF

BIOS g310 Invertebrate Zoology 4 credits. General study of invertebrate animals with laboratory work on representatives of the invertebrate phyla. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. S

BIOS g311 Dendrology 3 credits. Identification, classification, characteristics, and economic importance of the principal species of trees of temperate North America. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 203. AF

BIOS 312 Systematic Botany 4 credits. Instruction on collecting of plants and systems of classification. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. F

BIOS g314 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy 4 credits. Descriptive studies of adult morphology of selected vertebrates and examples of other representative chordates are used to illustrate the evolution of structure and function. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. F

BIOS 315 Introduction to Biometry 3 credits. Concepts of experimental design and microcomputer application of basic statistical techniques to analysis of biological data. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. AS

BIOS g317 Organic Evolution 3 credits. An integrated study of evolution as a unifying concept in biology. An examination of patterns and processes that affect the origin and diversification of species through time. PREREQ: BIOS 358. S

BIOS g318 Ecological Topic 1 credit. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with ecological relationships. Emphasis varies. May be repeated until a maximum of 3 credits is earned. PREREQ: BIOS 209 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F, S

BIOS 320 Physiological Ecology 3 credits. Study of physiological adaptations of plants and animals. Physiological mechanisms will be emphasized. Lectures, laboratories, and field trips will illustrate adaptive responses to a diversity of environments. PREREQ: BIOS 209; BIOS g303 OR BIOS g304 RECOMMENDED. AF

BIOS g322 Principles of Taphonomy 3 credits. Effects of processes which modify organisms between death and the time the usually fossilized remains are studied. Emphasis on vertebrates. Crosslisted as ANTH g322, GEOL g322. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. AS

BIOS g324 Comparative Embryology and Human Development 4 credits. Descriptive studies of the embryonic development of selected vertebrates together with the embryonic and fetal development of the human. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. S

BIOS g332 Biochemistry 3 credits. General introductory course which includes the occurrence, structure, function, and metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; energy metabolism; and integration of the above areas. PREREQ: CHEM 302 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F

BIOS 334 Experimental Biochemistry 1 credit. Laboratory course including both qualitative and quantitative experiments. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g332. F

BIOS 337 Conservation of Natural Resources 3 credits. Principles and concepts relevant to man's influence upon his environment, especially through interruption of ecological succession, reduction of diversity in the landscape and pollution, and over-breeding. PREREQ: BIOS 209 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. S

BIOS 341 Medical Microbiology 2 credits. Host-parasite relationships, pathogenic properties of microorganisms and pathology of disease processes. Course restricted to Pharmacy students only. PREREQ: BIOS 342 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. D

BIOS 342 Basic Immunology 2 credits. Fundamental concepts of antibody-mediated and cell-mediated mechanisms of immunity. Course restricted to Pharmacy students only. PREREQ: BIOS 235 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F

BIOS g351 Immunology 3 credits. Fundamental concepts of antibody-mediated and cell-mediated mechanisms of immunity. In-vivo and in-vitro antigen-antibody interactions are discussed. PREREQ: BIOS 235 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F

BIOS 353 Immunology Laboratory 1 credit. Selected laboratory experiments to accompany Immunology BIOS g351. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g351. Open to non-majors by special permission. F

BIOS g355 Pathogenic Microbiology 3 credits. Study of the important disease-producing microorganisms. Host-parasite relationships, pathogenic properties of microorganisms and pathology of disease processes will be discussed. PREREQ: BIOS g351 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. S

BIOS 357 Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory 2 credits. Will emphasize procedures for the isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria. Clinical specimens will be provided for use in identification of unknowns. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g355. S

BIOS 358 Genetics 3 credits. Basic principles of heredity and variation. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102, AND BIOS 206 AND 207. F, S

BIOS 397 Workshop 1-2 credits. Workshops aimed at the development and improvement of skills. Does not satisfy requirements for a major or a minor. May be repeated. Graded S/U. D

BIOS g400 Oral Histology and Embryology 3 credits. The microanatomy and formative processes of the teeth and their surrounding structures. S

BIOS g405 Plant Anatomy 3 credits. Study of the development and microscopic structure of the stems, leaves, roots, and reproductive structures of vascular plants with emphasis on the flowering plants. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. AF

BIOS g406 Plant Morphology 4 credits. Study of the reproduction, structure, development, evolution, and classification of the fungi, algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. AF

BIOS g408 Plant Ecology 3 credits. Major factors limiting plant growth and distribution with emphasis on adaptation and response at the individual, population, and community levels. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. AS

BIOS 411 Medical Technology Internship 32 credits. Twelve-month training course in clinical laboratory methods such as hematology, clinical chemistry, and microbiology to satisfy requirements of the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences. PREREQ: BIOS g351; BIOS g355. Graded S/U. F

BIOS g413 Biology Teaching Methods 3 credits. Designed to help biology teachers plan, teach and evaluate biological activities for their students. A diversity of laboratory and outdoor environmental educational materials and methods will be experientially considered. Required for secondary teaching majors in biology. AS

BIOS g416 Community Ecology 3 credits. Structure, function, and classification of plant and animal communities, emphasizing biotic and abiotic interactions and patterns of change in space and time. Field work emphasizes the collection and analysis of data. PREREQ: BIOS 209. AF

BIOS g433 Microbial Physiology 4 credits. Comparative biochemistry of microorganisms, including enzyme kinetics, carbon and energy metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, nutrition, and the effect of environmental factors on growth, death, and metabolism. PREREQ: BIOS g332 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F

BIOS g435 Vertebrate Paleontology 4 credits. Phylogenetic history of the vertebrates outlined in the light of morphology, classification, evolution, paleoecology, and the significance of fossils. Field trips. Cross-listed as GEOL g435. PREREQ: GEOL g431 OR BIOS g314 OR EQUIVALENT. AS

BIOS g438 Ornithology 3 credits. Study of the origin, evolution, structure, habits, adaptations, distribution, and classification of birds. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. S

BIOS g440 Human Gross Anatomy 4 credits. Comprehensive regional study of gross human anatomy with emphasis on the upper limb, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and perineum. Designed for first year dental students and complements BIOS g450. Lecture and laboratory. F

BIOS g441 Mammalogy 3 credits. General study of mammals including classification, identification, habits, ecology, economics, and techniques of study, with emphasis on North American forms. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOS 209. AF

BIOS g443 Endocrinology 3 credits. Study of the anatomy and physiology of the ductless glands and the properties and uses of natural and synthetic hormones. PREREQ: BIOS g303. AS

BIOS g444 General Pathology 4 credits. Study of basic pathological processes which underlie disease, including inflammation, neoplasia, infarction and cellular alterations; an attempt is made to correlate the anatomical, functional, and biochemical alterations. Lectures, demonstrations and small group discussions. D

BIOS g445 Biochemistry I 3 credits. Introduction to basic aspects of biochemical systems, including fundamental chemical and physical properties of biomolecules. Enzymology, including allosterism, metabolic regulation, bioenergetics, and carbohydrate metabolism. PREREQ: CHEM 302 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F

BIOS g446 Selected Topics in Physiology 1 credit. Selected topics in physiology for dental students: blood coagulation-complement-kinin systems, prostaglandin and related substances, vitamins, steroids, mucopolysaccharides, collagen and other extracellular matrix macromolecules and cyto- and molecular genetics. S

BIOS g447 Biochemistry II 3 credits. Functional continuation of g445. Lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism. Emphasis is on regulation of metabolism, metabolic dysfunctions, biochemical mechanisms of hormone action, biochemical genetics, protein synthesis, and metabolic consequences of genetic defects. S

BIOS g419 Mammalian Histology 4 credits. Study of animal tissues, including structural and functional characteristics of tissues and organs. PREREQ: BIOS 206, BIOS 207, OR BIOS g303 OR BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302. F

BIOS g420 Musculo-Skeletal Anatomy 2 credits. Study of human body structure emphasizing muscular system and its relationship to axial and appendicular skeleton. Focus is on extremities, thorax, and pelvis with applications toward normal, diseased and rehabilitative functions. PREREQ: BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302. AS

BIOS g423 Parasitology 3 credits. Study of the animal parasites with emphasis on those of man. Laboratory includes identification of the important parasites of man; collection of the available local forms. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. AS

BIOS g425 Human Anatomy 4 credits. General systemic anatomy with emphasis on microscopic and gross structure. PREREQ: BIOL 202. F

BIOS g426 Herpetology 3 credits. The biology of amphibians and reptiles: lecture topics include evolutionary history, functional morphology, physiological ecology, biogeography, reproductive, and population ecology. Laboratories and field trips cover systematic, natural history, and collecting/sampling techniques. PREREQ: BIOS 209. AS

BIOS g427 Ichthyology 3 credits. The biology of fishes: lecture topics include evolutionary history, functional morphology, physiological ecology, and biogeography. Laboratory and field trips cover identification and natural history with an emphasis on Idaho species. PREREQ: BIOS 209. AF

BIOS g428 Veterinary and Medical Entomology 3 credits. Identification, habits, life cycles, ecology and management of arthropods of veterinary and public health importance, including relationships between vectors, pathogens, and hosts. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. AF

BIOS g429 Regional Anatomy and Histology 4 credits. Regional approach to gross human anatomy emphasizing the use of prosected materials and microscopic anatomy. Designed primarily for students in the Physician Assistant Program. PREREQ: BIOS 301, BIOS 302. F

BIOS g430 Human Performance Physiology 4 credits. Physiology as applied to human energetics with relation to respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular, nervous and endocrine systems. Includes rehabilitation analysis of abnormalities of performance. Lecture and laboratory. PREREQ: BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302 OR BIOS g303. D

BIOS g431 General Entomology 3 credits. Study of structure, development, classification, and life histories of insects, including ecological, economic and management considerations. An insect collection may be required. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102. AF

BIOS g448 Advanced Experimental Biochemistry 2 credits. Advanced laboratory projects designed to emphasize techniques of qualitative and quantitative biochemical analysis. COREQ: BIOS g447 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. S

BIOS g449 Human Physiology 4 credits. First of a two course sequence. Physiology of the nervous, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems. PREREQ: BIOL 202; CHEM 111 AND CHEM 112; COREQ: BIOS g425. F

BIOS g450 Head and Neck Anatomy 3 credits. Comprehensive presentation of the anatomy of the head and neck as it applies to the practice of dentistry. Lecture and laboratory. S

BIOS g452 Population Ecology 3 credits. Study of the forces that determine the composition, density, and distribution of terrestrial animal populations including natality, mortality, dispersion, and environment, knowledge of which is applicable to game management. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOS 209 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. AF

BIOS g454 Advanced Immunology 3 credits. Detailed study of selected areas of immunobiology. Course content will vary withcurrent demand. Students will lead discussions and present current literature. PREREQ: BIOS g351 AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. AS

BIOS g456 Human Physiology II 4 credits. Physiology of gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Includes studies of acid-base balance, peripheral circulation, shock, and temperature regulation. PREREQ: BIOS g449 OR EQUIVALENT. S

BIOS g459 Fish Ecology 3 credits. Study of the behavior, habitat use, diet, population dynamics, and management of freshwater fishes, especially trout and salmon. Field trips emphasize sampling techniques. PREREQ: BIOS 209, BIOS g426 RECOMMENDED. AF

BIOS g460 Neuroanatomy 2 credits. Comprehensive presentation of the anatomy of the central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord. Combined lecture and laboratory demonstration. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. S

BIOS g461 Advanced Genetics 3 credits. Detailed and critical consideration of selected genetic topics with emphasis on recent advances. PREREQ: BIOS 358 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. AS

BIOS g462 Freshwater Ecology 3 credits. Study of the interaction of physical and biotic factors in aquatic ecosystems. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOS 209. AF

BIOS g463 Human Pathophysiology 4 credits. The study of basic process underlying diseases, with an emphasis on correlating anatomical, functional, and biochemical alterations with clinical manifestations. Laboratory required. PREREQ: BIOS g425; BIOCHEMISTRY; ONE YEAR OF PHYSIOLOGY, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F

BIOS 464 Lectures in Human Physiology 3 credits. Physiology of the nervous, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems. PREREQ: BIOS 301, BIOS 302, AND ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY. F

BIOS g465 Microbial Genetics 3 credits. Principles of heredity and variation with application of these principles to bacteria and viruses. PREREQ: BIOS 236; CHEM 301. S

BIOS g466 Medical Mycology 3 credits. Lecture/laboratory course addressing medically important fungi. Taxonomy, clinical disease, pathogenesis, immunological diagnosis and laboratory identification of contaminants, opportunists, superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic mycoses. PREREQ: BIOS 221 OR BIOS 235. S

BIOS g467 Microbial Genetics Laboratory 1 credit. Laboratory investigations of the principles of heredity, variation and genetic exchange in bacteria and bacterial viruses. PREREQ: BIOS 235 OR BIOS 221 AND BIOS 223. S

BIOS g468 Oral Microbiology 1 credit. Study of microbiology of plaque, caries, periodontal disease, immunobiology of oral disease and control of microorganisms with antimicrobial agents. Four periods devoted to laboratory study of medically important oral microbes. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g355. S

BIOS g469 Special Topics in Microbiology 1-4 credits. Study of selected topics in microbiology. Course contents will vary with topics selected. May be repeated with departmental approval for nonrepetitive course content. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F, S

BIOS g470 Cross-Sectional Anatomy 2 credits. Human gross regional anatomy in cross and sagittal sections. Designed to prepare students in radiographic sciences to understand structure depicted by various imaging techniques. PREREQ: BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302. S

BIOS g471 Pathophysiology 4 credits. Focuses on the response of physiological systems to pathophysiological disruptions. The relationships between tissue, organ, and systemic physiology and pathological conditions will be emphasized. PREREQ: BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302 OR BIOS g303. D

BIOS 472 Clinical Physiology 2 credits. A survey of selected organ systems with clinical correlations of pathophysiologic states. PREREQ: BIOS 464. S

BIOS g473 Industrial Microbiology 4 credits. Microbiological and biochemical aspects of fermentative and oxidative processes of industrial importance such as yeast, mold, and bacterial fermentation. PREREQ: BIOS g433. AS

BIOS g474 Human Anatomy (Physical Therapy Emphasis) 5 credits. Human gross anatomy and histology for, but not limited to, physical therapy students emphasizing the skeletal, muscular, integumentary, peripheral nervous, cardiovascular, and pulmonary systems. PREREQ: BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302 OR EQUIVALENT. D

BIOS g475 General Virology 3 credits. Introduction to the general principles of virology through consideration of structure, genetics, replication and biochemistry of animal and bacterial viruses. PREREQ: COMPLETION OF 90 CREDITS. F

BIOS g476 Ecology of Water Pollution 3 credits. Study of causes of pollution and their effects on the aquatic environment and its inhabitants. Special consideration given to the biological and chemical assessment of pollution in streams. Field work. PREREQ: BIOS g462 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. AS

BIOS g477 Bacterial Virology Laboratory 1 credit. Designed to acquaint students with the techniques and experimental principles used in the study of bacterial viruses. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g475. S

BIOS g478 Animal Virology Laboratory 1 credit. Introduces tissue culture methods and other techniques employed in the study of animal viruses. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g475. F

BIOS g479 Survey of Electron Microscopy 2 credits. Introduction to the potentialities, theory, techniques, and limitations of electron microscopy. The field will be surveyed as a whole, but primary emphasis will be on biological applications. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. F

BIOS g481-g482Independent Problems 1-4 credits. Individual problems will be assigned to students on the basis of interest and previous preparation. PREREQ: A MINIMUM OF TWO COURSES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND PERMISSION OF THE INSTRUCTOR. F, S

BIOS g485 Nutritional Biochemistry 3 credits. Human metabolism in health and disease. Emphasizes interrelationships among hormones, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals within tissues and organs. PREREQ: CHEM 101 AND CHEM 102, OR CHEM 111 AND CHEM 301. S

BIOS486 Human Systemic Physiology 5 credits. One semester human physiology course emphasizing the function and regulation of the muscular, skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and immune systems. PREREQ: CHEM 111 AND CHEM 112; BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302 OR EQUIVALENT. F

BIOS489 Field Ecology 3 credits. An intensive field study of at least one biogeographical region to increase student's knowledge of, and skill with, field sampling techniques, field-study design, data collection and analysis, and report preparation. PREREQ: BIOS 209. AS

BIOS g491-g492Seminar 1 credit. Review of current research and literature in the general fields of biological science. Open only to graduate students and seniors or by permission of the department. F, S

BIOS 493 Senior Thesis 1-4 credits. (See course description, University-Wide Courses.) F,S

BIOS 494 Seminar in Microbiology 1 credit. Presentation of written and oral review of library research in microbiology and molecular biology by students for discussion with faculty and fellow students. May be repeated for a total of two credits. F

BIOS495 Ethology 3 credits. Behavior of animals and the evolutionary mechanisms which dictate behavioral patterns. PREREQ: UPPER-DIVISION OR GRADUATE STATUS. AS

BIOS496 Ecology Senior Seminar 1 credit. Review of current research in ecology and related areas. Attendance at Departmental Seminars and written summaries of the seminars required. PREREQ: OPEN TO SENIOR ECOLOGY MAJORS OR BY PERMISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT. F, S



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