College of Arts and Sciences

Chair and Professor Stocks

Professors: Holmer, Loether, Lohse

Associate Professors: Cartwright, Maschner

Assistant Professors: Glowacka, Novak

Visiting Scholar: Shivachi

Native Language Instructor: Gould

Adjunct Faculty: Bybee, Dean, Hansen, Jackson, Meldrum, Morrow, Petersen, Reedy-Maschner, Ringe-Pace, Thomas, Wolfley, Woods

Research Affiliate Faculty: Dean, Hansen, Reedy-Maschner, Rodseth, Morrow

Mission

The mission of the Department of Anthropology is to research and teach about human behavior in a holistic and respectful manner. Anthropology consists of sub-fields that specialize in the human past, human biology and evolution, language, and bio-cultural behavior. Anthropology provides cross-cultural, international, and global perspectives on past and present human behavior. At ISU, an important part of the anthropology mission is to apply anthropological concepts to the resolution of important social, cultural, and environmental problems of our times. The Department of Anthropology offers a graduate program leading to the Master of Arts or a non-thesis applied Master of Science degree in Anthropology. The option must be selected in consultation with the student's major advisor.

Learning Objectives

Students who have completed a graduate degree in Anthropology at ISU should be able to:

1. Read and understand anthropological theory at a professional level.

2. Understand current debates within the field of anthropology.

3. Synthesize and critically evaluate the professional literature.

4. Use a comparative approach to theorize about the similarities and differences in the human condition across space and through time.

Measurable Outcomes - The Thesis or Special Project should show the following competencies based on the learning objectives:

1. Write a proposal for pure research or the application of theory to contemporary social issues.

2. Perform quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of data appropriate to the chosen subdiscipline.

3. Competently conceive, conduct, and write-up either research in anthropology or applications of anthropology at a level suitable for publication.

Admission

In addition to the general requirements of the Graduate School, the student must provide:

1. A letter of application, including areas of interest and professional goals

2. Three letters of recommendation

3. Undergraduate transcripts

4. Minimum grade point average of 3.0

5. Total GRE scores which average at least the 50th percentile for admission

6. An undergraduate degree in anthropology is not required for acceptance into the program; however, students without the equivalent of ANTH 501, 503, 530, and an upper division linguistic anthropology course will be required to take these courses or approved readings courses before enrolling in content-respective graduate seminars.

General Requirements

1. A minimum of 30 credits must be taken, including these required courses:

Master of Arts Option

In addition:

Four semesters of foreign language must be completed, or competence must be demonstrated by an examination administered by the Department of Foreign Languages.

Nine credits of graduate level courses approved by the major advisor.

Master of Science Option:

Two of the following graduate seminars:
ANTH 605, 615, 625, 635 6 cr
PLUS,
ANTH 641 Research Project 6 cr
OR,
ANTH 650 Thesis 6 cr
Total 15 cr

In addition:

Nine credits of advanced techniques and methods courses and six additional credits of graduate level courses approved by the major advisor.

2. Each student must develop a proposed program of study specifying electives and techniques and methods (M.S.) courses in consultation with the student's major advisor by the end of the first semester. The 12 elective credits may be satisfied by courses taken from the Medical Anthropology Option Area for those students also completing an MPH Degree. Students completing an MS or MA in Anthropology with an MPH degree may apply 12 credits to both degrees.

3. To maintain classified status, the student must register for a minimum of 6 credits each semester of the first year.

4. An acceptable thesis or publishable manuscript must be written and orally defended.

Anthropology Graduate Courses

ANTH g401 History and Theory of Socio-cultural Anthropology 3 credits. Survey of the development of anthropology, various schools of thought, important personalities, and concepts that have contributed to anthropology over time. PREREQ: ANTH 250 OR PERMISSION OF THE INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g402 Ecological Anthropology 3 credits. Interaction of human biocultural systems and environment. Relations of natural resources, technological inventories, social organization, cultural categories. Native resource management practices. PREREQ: ANTH 230, ANTH 250, ANTH 203 AND BIOS 100, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g403 Method and Theory in Archaeology 3 credits. History of the development of current methods and theory in archaeology and contemporary applications. PREREQ: ANTH 203 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g404 Material Culture Analysis 3 credits. Method and analyses used in archaeology and anthropology to understand the relationship between objects and culture. PREREQ: ANTH 203 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. COREQ: ANTH g405.

ANTH g405 Analytical Techniques Laboratory 1 credit. Analytical techniques laboratory to accompany ANTH g404. Students will complete an assigned project in material culture analysis. PREREQ: ANTH 203 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. COREQ: ANTH g404

ANTH g406 American Indian Health Issues 3 credits. An overview of health concerns, both current and past, of American Indian people, and the biological and sociocultural factors which influence health status. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g407 Introduction to Medical Anthropology 3 credits. How cultures define health and illness, and how these definitions ultimately influence the health status of individuals. PREREQ: PRIOR ANTHROPOLOGY COURSE OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g408 Special Topics in Medical Anthropology 3 credits. Rotating topics, including international health issues, ethno-psychiatry, ethno-medicine and non-western healing systems. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits. PREREQ: ANTH g407 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g409 Clinical Medical Anthropology 3 credits. Explores the culture of biomedicine and the beliefs of patients. Topics include doctor/patient communication, cultural competency, cultural construction of risk, critiques of high-tech medicine and the international pharmaceutical industry.

ANTH g410 Introduction to Cultural Resources Management 3 credits. Introduction to CRM reviewing historic preservation and federal legislation as they pertain to archaeology; practical experience in site survey and recording. PREREQ: ANTH 203 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g413 Old World Archaeology 3 credits. Prehistory of the Old World. Precise areal focus and periods may vary. Includes both theory and exposition. PREREQ: ANTH 203 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g414 New World Archaeology 3 credits. Examination of the prehistory of the Americas with emphasis on the North American Continent. PREREQ: ANTH 203 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR

ANTH g423 Anthropology of International Health 3 credits. Exploration of critical health issues that exist in the world today from an anthropological perspective. Diseases of poverty/development, emerging infectious diseases, medical tourism and the political arena of international health.

ANTH g424 Ethnomedicine of Latin America 3 credits. Examines traditional medical systems and folk illnesses in order to better understand the underlying logics of healing that exist in Latino populations worldwide. Shamanism, witchcraft, spiritual healing and biomedicine will be addressed.

ANTH g430 Human Origins and Diversity 3 credits. Examines human origins, adaptations and biological diversity within the context of evolutionary processes. Primate lineage will be investigated. PREREQ: ANTH 230 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g432 Human Osteology 3 credits. Provides a working knowledge of skeletal anatomy, primarily focusing on identification of individual bones. Other topics include: osteogenesis, pathologies and applications of knowledge and technique. PREREQ: ANTH 230 AND ANTH 232, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g433 Survey of Living Primates 3 credits. Explores the anatomy, behavioral ecology, and adaptive diversity of extant non-human primates. Begins with the history of human interaction with primates, and continues with a consideration of the major primate taxa and their anatomical and behavioral trends and distinctions. PREREQ: ANTH 230 AND ANTH 232; OR BIOS 101 AND BIOS 102; OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g435 Survey of Fossil Primates 3 credits. A survey of the evolutionary history and adaptations of the primates emphasizing the interpretation of their fossil record; their differentiation and adaptive radiations, spanning from the earliest primates in the shadow of the dinosaurs to the enigmatic giants of the Pleistocene. PREREQ: ANTH 230, 232; OR BIOS 101,102; OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g439 Principles of Taphonomy 3 credits. Effects of processes which modify organisms between death and the time the usually fossilized remains are studied. Emphasis on vertebrates. Cross-listed with BIOS g439 and GEOL g439. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g449 Methods and Techniques of Ethnographic Field Research 3 credits. Participant observation, field notes, data types, analytical procedures, interviewing skills, oral history, report writing. PREREQ: ANTH 250 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g450 Introduction to Socio-linguistics 3 credits. Study of the patterned covariation oflanguage and society, social dialects and social styles in language; problems of bilingualism, multilingualism, Creoles and language uses. PREREQ: ANTH107 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g452 American Indian Verbal Arts 3 credits. Analysis of current theories in the
study of oral literature and ethnopoetics, focusing on the oral traditions of American Indians. PREREQ: ANTH107 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g454 Survey of American Indian Languages 3 credits. History of scholarship, analysis and classification of American Indian languages with emphasis on the languages of a particular phylum or geographical area. PREREQ: ANTH 107 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g455 Introduction to Phonetics 3 credits. Introduction to descriptive linguistics focusing on phonetics and phonetic phenomena of English and the other languages of the world. Extensive practice in perception and production of such phenomena. Cross-listed as LANG g455. PREREQ: ANTH/LANG 107.

ANTH g456 Introduction to Phonology and Morphology 3 credits. Phonological theory and analysis; current theories in morphology. Phonological rules, representations, underlying forms, derivation, justification of phonological analyses; morphological structure, derivational and inflectional morphology; relation of morphology to phonology. Cross-listed as LANG g456. PREREQ: ANTH/LANG 107.

ANTH g458 Historical Linguistics 3 credits. The methods and theories of the historical study of language. The comparative method, internal reconstruction, linguistic change over time, genetic typology of languages, and applications to prehistory. PREREQ: ANTH 107.

ANTH g459 Linguistic Field Methods 3 credits. Practical experience in linguistic analysis of a language using data elicited from a native speaker. May be repeated up to 6 credits. PREREQ: ANTH 456 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g463 Applied Statistics in Anthropology 3 credits. Practical applications of commonly used statistical analyses in anthropology. PREREQ: MATH 253 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g464 Advanced Analytical Methods in Anthropology 3 credits. Examination and practical experience in applying advanced quantitative and qualitative methods and analyses in anthropological research. PREREQ: ANTH g463.

ANTH g466 Current Issues in Indian Country 3 credits. Survey of significant issues affecting Indian communities including religious freedom, economic development, judicial systems, treaty rights and environmental regulation.

ANTH g472 Native American Arts 3 credits. Survey of Native American arts and industries, including prehistoric, ethnographic, and contemporary venues. PREREQ: ANTH 238 AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g474 Special Topics in Indian Education 3 credits. Rotating review of topics dealing with issues in Indian education. Consult current schedule of classes for exact course being taught.

ANTH g476 Seminar in American Indian Studies 3 credits. Advanced level course with critical examination, readings, discussion and presentation of selected issues facing American Indians. PREREQ: 9 CREDITS OF AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g478 Federal Indian Law 3 credits. Examination of tribal governments; their relationship with the federal government; sovereignty, jurisdictional conflicts over land
and resources; and economic development. Cross-listed as POLS g478.

ANTH g479 Tribal Governments 3 credits. Complex legal position of Indian tribes as self-governing entities; principles of inherent powers; governmental organization, lawmaking, justice, relation to state and federal government. Cross-listed as POLS g479.

ANTH g480 Varieties of American English 3 credits. In-depth study of various dialects of American English, including historical evolution of different dialects, effects of migration on dialects, and influences of non-English immigrant languages on development of American English. Field work studying the Snake River dialects of Idaho. Cross-listed as ENGL g480. PREREQ: ANTH/LANG/ENGL 107.

ANTH g481 Specializations in Anthropology 3 credits. Rotating specialized topics such as applied anthropology, proxemics, ethnology, religion, international development. See current class schedule for titles. May be repeated up to 6 credits. PREREQ: UPPER DIVISION STATUS OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g482 Independent Problems in Anthropology 1-3 credits. Investigation of ananthropological problem chosen by the student and approved by the staff. May be repeated up to 6 credits.

ANTH g483 Field Research 3 credits. Practical experience in field research. May be repeated for up to 6 credits. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g485 Anthropology of War and Violence 3 credits. Survey of war and violence from evolutionary foundations through modern representations. The course covers violence and war among chimpanzees, the genetics and biochemistry of violence, the role of evolution in making humans aggressive, and the history and ethnography of violent conflict around the world. PREREQ: ANY UPPER DIVISION SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSE.

ANTH g486 Archaeology Field School 1-6 credits. Practical field and laboratory training in archaeological excavation techniques and methods of analysis. May be repeated to a total of 6 credits. PREREQ: ANTH 230 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g487 Ethnographic Field School 1-6 credits. Supervised fieldwork in cultural anthropology in a given ethnographic setting where students and faculty work on a specific set of field problems. May be repeated to a total of 6 credits. PREREQ: ANTH 250 AND ANTH g449, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g489 Special Topics in American Indian Studies 3 credits. Rotating review of topics dealing with issues in American Indian studies. Consult current schedule of classes for exact course being taught. May be repeated with different topics.

ANTH g490 Folklore 3 credits. Principles, content, and dissemination of orally transmitted religious beliefs and popular narrative forms in preliterate societies. Also listed as ENGL g490.

ANTH g491 Archaeology Laboratory Analysis 3 credits. Directed analysis of archaeological remains and report writing. May be repeated up to 6 credits. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH g493 Interdisciplinary Anthropology 3 credits. Rotating review of cross-disciplinary anthropology: psychological, medical, visual, educational, bio-diversity conservation. See current class schedule for course titles. May be repeated up to 6 credits.

ANTH g495 Department Colloquium 1 credit. Presentations of current research issues in Anthropology by faculty and students.

ANTH 597 Professional Education Development Topics. Variable credit. A course for practicing professionals aimed at the development and improvement of skills. May not be applied to graduate degrees. May be repeated. May be graded S/U.

ANTH 605 Seminar in Linguistic Anthropology 3 credits. Discussion of theories, methods, and results in linguistic anthropology. PREREQ: ANTH g450 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH 610 Seminar in Medical Anthropology 3 credits. Discussion of current topics within the various specializations of medical anthropology. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH 615 Seminar in Biological Anthropology 3 credits. Discussion of theories, methods, and results in biological anthropology.
PREREQ: ANTH g430, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH 625 Seminar in Sociocultural Anthropology 3 credits. Discussions of theories, methods, and results in sociocultural anthropology. PREREQ: ANTH g401 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH 635 Seminar in Archaeology 3 credits. Studies in current theories, methods, and results in archaeological anthropology. PREREQ: ANTH g403 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH 641 Research Project 1-6 credits. The student will pursue original research under staff guidance. The final report will result in a publishablemanuscript. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF THECHAIR OF STUDENT'S GRADUATE COMMITTEE. Graded S/U.

ANTH 642 Practicum in Teaching Anthropology 3 credits. Directed preparation of an anthropology course with a review of course materials, format, teaching techniques, films, and other aids. The trainee will participate in a supervised teaching experience.

ANTH 649 Independent Studies 1-4
credits. Independent research under the
guidance of faculty. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ANTH 650 Thesis 1-6 credits. Graded S/U.

ANTH 655 Internship in Applied Anthropology 3-6 credits. Supervised experience in
the development and implementation of an anthropological project.

Chair and Professor Kovacs

Director of M.F.A. Program and Associate Professor Granger

Professors: Dial, Evans, Friend, Martin, Warnock

Emeritus Faculty: Brown, Obermayr

Master of Fine Arts in Art

The MFA degree is the recognized terminal degree in the studio arts. The MFA program is designed to refine the visual art skills of the graduate student in a particular area or areas of concentration by providing the instruction, facilities and time for the student both to develop a significant body of studio work and to expand his or her intellectual horizons in preparation for a rewarding professional career.

In addition to the general requirements for admission to the Graduate School, each applicant must submit a portfolio of work, either color slides or actual paintings, drawings, etc., to the Art Department for approval. Admission portfolio should consist of work from preferred studio area(s) indicating control and capability. Remedial work may be suggested. The portfolio of slides will be retained by the department for students who are accepted and enroll into the program. Twelve undergraduate credits in art history are required for admission or must be completed in addition to the graduate program before admission to candidacy.

Basic requirements are a minimum of 60 credits in graduate courses approved by the Department of Art and the Graduate School. A minimum of six credits must be in the area of art history, and a minimum of 12 credits must be thesis project. The student may elect, as a program option, to take up to six credits in other related areas outside the Art Department. These courses must be departmentally approved. Students are required to complete ART 601 and ART 621. The department will accept a grade of C in one class as long as the minimum overall 3.0 GPA is maintained. Thestudent will have the opportunity to repeat the course.

Each candidate for the MFA degree must exhibit a one-person show during the last semester before the granting of the degree. A collection of slides of the exhibit must be turned in to the Art Department at this time. The thesis project consisting of original creative work by the candidate is the focal point of all the work necessary to the granting of the degree. The MFA degree is the terminal degree in the field of the visual arts. The candidate should have the time and opportunity to create a significant body of work which demonstrates a professional level of competency within a unified creative point of view. A minimum of two years of participation in the program is required for this goal. An oral examination is held concurrently with the thesis project show. Additional information is available from the Department of Art.

Art Graduate Courses

ART g418 Art of the Book 3 credits. Expands the traditional idea of book form with innovative structures and concepts. Textual and nontextual formats and methods for generating ideas for works are addressed. Traditional techniques for bookbinding will also be included. Cross-listed as M C g418.

ART g422 World Arts 3 credits. Study of the art produced in cultures outside of the western tradition. Topics include pre-Hispanic art of Mexico, Central and South American art, and North American Indian art, Oceanic art, and the art of Africa south of the Sahara.

ART g423 Nineteenth Century Art 3 credits. History of the visual arts from the beginning of the 19th century up to the advent of Cubism.

ART g424 Twentieth Century Art 3 credits. History of the visual arts from Cubism to thepresent.

ART g425 Contemporary Art Forms 3 credits. The study of the major developments of art as an expression of contemporary society. Emphasis on art since 1950. PREREQ: ART 423 OR ART 424 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ART g426 Seminar in Art History 3 credits. Extensive reading and discussion in Art History and aesthetics under the supervision of the instructor. May be repeated up to 6 credits.

ART g431-g432 Advanced Printmaking 3 credits. Advanced work in printmaking. Choice of medium. PREREQ: ART 331 AND ART 332.

ART g441-g442 Advanced Painting and Composition 3 credits. Special projects and experimental individual work for advanced students. PREREQ: ART 341 AND ART 342.

ART g451-g452 Advanced Metals-Jewelry 3 credits. Experimental work. Individual projects may include plastics, electroplating, electroforming, advanced fabrication, anodizing or raising techniques. PREREQ: ART 351 AND ART 352.

ART g461-g462 Advanced Weaving 3 credits. Experimental work. Individual projects may include on-loom and off-loom techniques, dyeing processes, basketry, or multilayered fabrics. PREREQ: ART 361 AND ART 362.

ART g471-g472 Advanced Ceramics 3 credits. Individual projects may include ceramic sculpture, mosaics or experimental problems in form and techniques. PREREQ: ART 371 OR ART 372.

ART g481-g482 Advanced Sculpture 3 credits. Experimental work with an emphasis on scale and environmental problems. PREREQ: ART 381 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ART g491 Advanced Papermaking 3 credits. Further development of topics from ART 391. PREREQ: ART 391 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

ART 597 Professional Education Development Topics. Variable credit. A course for practicing professionals aimed at the development and improvement of skills. May not be applied to graduate degrees. May be repeated. May be graded S/U.

ART 601 Independent Study in Drawing 3credits (required). Individualized course designed toaddress drawing-specific concerns: technical, material, and/or conceptual possibilities inherent tovarious drawing media. May be repeated for a total of 6credits.

ART 621 Graduate Seminar 3 credits (required). Reading and discussion of theories and practices related to the production and presentation of studio art under the supervision of the instructor. Students will research and prepare written presentations for weekly seminar discussion and evaluation.

ART 635 Research in Studio or Theory 4 credits. Investigation of technical, material, and/or aesthetic/theoretical problems in art history/studio areas under the supervision of the instructor.

ART 640 Experimental Problems in Studio 4 credits. Experimentation in technical, material, and aesthetic problems in a studio area under the supervision of the instructor.

ART 645 Studio variable credit. Studio work under the supervision of the instructor. May be repeated up to 12 credits.

ART 649 Thesis Proposal 1 credit. Summary of the objectives and goals of the thesis project prepared under supervision of the student's advisor. Concurrent with application for admission to candidacy.

ART 650 Thesis Project variable credit; 12 credits required minimum. Preparation and presentation in a one-person show of a significant body of work which demonstrates a professional level of competency within a unified creative point of view. An exhibition and slides of the works are required by the department under the supervision of the candidate's advisor. A graduate faculty orals committee will review and approve or disapprove the show and thesis proposal. May be repeated up to 16 credits. PREREQ: ART 649. Graded S/U.

ART 699 Special Topics 1-4 credits.

Chair and Professor Bowyer

Assistant Chair and Professor Scalarone

Assistant Chair for Graduate Programs and Professor Inouye

Professors: R. Anderson, Farrell, House, Huntly, C. Peterson, Rodnick, J. Rose, Seeley, Stephens, Winston

Associate Professors: C. Anderson, Brandon, Hill, Keeley, Meldrum, Shields, R. Smith

Assistant Professors: Baxter, Bearden, Beardsley, Delehanty, Germino, Groome, Keeley, Magnuson, Matocq, Sheridan, TenEyck, Thomas, Williams

Clinical Assistant Professors: Galindo, Nehr-Kanet, Spiegel

Adjunct Faculty: Black, Frank, Loxterman

Affiliate Faculty: Akersten, Apel, M. Boeger, W. Boeger, Brattain, Bryant, Bunde, Burch, Carlson-lammers, Chesson, Childress, Clark, Colwell, Cook, Cummings, Danehy, Deveaux, Dunham, Eisentrager, Fujita, Garrison, Halbrook, Hoag, Hoberg, Jeter, Keener, LaPatra, Laxminarayan, Lehman, Lenington, Lessa, Minshall, Moodie, Moran, Newby, Perrotto,

N. Poulson, Ptacek, Reed, Reynolds, Roberto, Rosentreter, Schuermann, Schwan, Scoville, Shea, Shoaf, Sojka, Sorenson, Stormberg, Telfordd III, Vecellio, Ward, Watwood, Weinberg, Winterfeld, Young

Emeritus Faculty: Bowmer, D. Bunde, Griffith, Holte, Linder, J. McCune,

R. McCune, Minshall, F. Rose, Saul, Spall, Streubel, Trost, Tullis, White

Doctor of Philosophy in Biology

The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is granted for proven ability, independent investigation, and scholarly attainment in a special field. It is primarily a research degree and is not granted solely on the completion of a certain number of credits. There is not a fixed total credit requirement for this degree. Credits for the dissertation and the research upon which it is based should comprise a substantial portion of the program and involve original work. It is understood that the research for and writing of the dissertation will require the equivalent of at least one year of full-time work.

Admission

Applicants Who Hold a Master's Degree

Entrance into the Ph.D. program requires (1) at least a 3.0 grade point average (GPA) for all upper division credits taken in the previous degree program, (2) scores in the 35th percentile or higher on the verbal and quantitative sections of the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), (3) submission of scores for the GRE Biology subject area exam, and (4) acceptance by a member of the graduate faculty who is willing to serve as the student's advisor. Scores in the verbal, quantitative, and analytical sections of the GRE must be submitted before entrance can be considered.

Applicants who do not meet the minimum GPA and/or GRE requirements may be admitted to Conditional status. The conditions of acceptance will be specified on the applicant's Approval for Admission to Graduate School form. In some cases, students may be required to retake the GRE. Students admitted to Conditional status because of low GRE scores will be transferred to Classified status if new GRE scores that meet the minimal requirement are submitted. Students on Conditional status must petition the MS/PhD Committee for transfer to Classified status after a year of graduate work and successful completion of the qualifying examination (see below). This petition will include a recommendation from the student's advisory committee signed by the major professor. Continuation in the PhD program is contingent upon approval of transfer to Classified status or a recommendation by the MS/PhD committee for the student to remain on Conditional status. Any Conditional student who has not been approved for Classified status by the end of his/her second year will be dismissed from the program.

Applicants Who Do Not Hold a Master's Degree

For applicants who hold only a Bachelor's degree in biological sciences or a closely related discipline, entrance into the PhD program requires a minimum of a 3.0 GPA for all undergraduate work and scores in the 50th percentile or higher on the verbal and quantitative sections of the GRE. No waiver of GRE scores is allowed except in the case of students for whom English is a second language who receive a lower verbal GRE score; these individuals must meet the Graduate School minimal TOEFL score.

The application must include a letter of support from the prospective major professor that includes a description of a general plan of study. This letter is in addition to the three outside letters of recommendation required of all applicants. The application must be approved by majority vote of the MS/PhD Committee prior to formal acceptance by the Department. Applicants will only be admitted as Classified students.

No student in the Department's Master's program will be permitted to advance to the PhD program without approval of the MS/PhD Committee. Application for advancement must include 1) a letter from the student that provides a rationale for the status change and 2) a letter of support from the major professor.

Prerequisites

The following courses are prerequisite for the Ph.D. program. Any student who has not met these requirements through previous course work must take these courses as part of his/her graduate program. These are undergraduate courses, thus credits earned in them do not count toward the graduate degree; however, they must appear on the student's Planned Program of Study. These classes must be taken for letter grades and the grades earned must be "C" or better. It is possible to substitute a semester of biochemistry for one semester of organic chemistry. The student's committee may make recommendations for meeting prerequisite requirements, but the Graduate Program Coordinator must approve any substitution to the courses listed below:

1. One semester of calculus

2. One year of inorganic chemistry

3. One semester of organic chemistry

4. One semester of physics

5. Six additional credits in physics, chemistry, or mathematics above the levels listed in 1-4 above.

6. *Quantitative analysis or analytical chemistry (with laboratory)

*Required only for students specializing in microbiology

Residency Requirements

The equivalent of least two years of full-time study is required. Part of the work may be completed elsewhere with the approval of a student's advisory committee, but two consecutive regular semesters of full-time study must be taken in residence at this university.

Qualifying Examination

Students pursuing the Ph.D. are required to take a qualifying examination. The purposes of the qualifying exam are to assess the student's potential for graduate study at the doctoral level, to determine areas in which the student shows strength or weakness, and to assess the student's ability to assimilate, evaluate, and synthesize subject matter. Two options are available for the qualifying examination, as explained below. The major professor and the student will decide which option is potentially of most benefit to the student. The major professor will notify the Graduate Program Coordinator of the choice during the first week of the student's first semester in the Ph.D. program.

Option 1: Written and Oral Examination

The written qualifying examination requires the equivalent of two full days (16 hours) of effort. It will be scheduled in two-hour or four-hour blocks within the span of ten consecutive days. For students other than those in microbiology, the examination will be prepared by the Graduate Program Coordinator and the student's major professor from a pool of questions submitted by departmental faculty. Half of the examination will consist of questions in core areas: cell biology, genetics, evolution, and ecology. The second half of the exam will consist of questions in one of three emphasis areas as appropriate for the student's area of specialization: ecology, functional biology, or organismal biology. For students specializing in microbiology, the entire examination will be prepared by the microbiology faculty in consultation with the Graduate Program Coordinator. The microbiology core exam will include questions in each of the following areas: virology, immunology/medical microbiology, microbial physiology, biochemistry/enzymology, microbial genetics/molecular biology, general microbiology, and microbial ecology. The second half of the microbiology exam will consist of questions in the student's area of specialization.

The written qualifying examination will be completed within the first four weeks of the student's first semester in the Ph.D. program. The student will provide a schedule for completing the examination to the Graduate Program Coordinator during the first week of classes.

Responses to questions on the written examination will be evaluated by the members of the faculty who authored the questions. Answers will be graded as "satisfactory", "questionable", or "unsatisfactory". After the examinations are graded, the student will be provided a summary of the results and allowed to examine faculty comments. The oral examination committee will then be established by the Graduate Program Coordinator. The oral examination committee will consist of the major professor, two faculty members chosen by the student, and two faculty members chosen by the Graduate Program Coordinator. The oral examination will be scheduled within two weeks after the oral examination committee is established. Scheduling is the responsibility of the student in consultation with the major professor and examination committee members. At least a two-hour period should be scheduled.

The content and format of the oral examination will be determined by the oral examination committee. The examination will normally include but not be limited to areas of questionable performance on the written examination. During the oral examination, the student may challenge areas graded as unsatisfactory or questionable on the written examination. The oral examination committee will evaluate the student's overall performance and may (1) admit the student to further work toward the Ph.D., (2) recommend the limitation of the program to the M.S. degree, (3) recommend that the background be strengthened before attempting to continue graduate work, or (4) recommend dismissal from the graduate program. In the event of the third decision, the oral examination committee will provide the student with specific recommendations or requirements and will schedule a second evaluation after not less than one semester. If the first decision is made, the student, in consultation with the major professor, will establish an advisory committee and prepare a planned program of study, which will be filed with the Graduate School prior to the end of the first semester.

Option 2: Preparation of Research Proposal

During the first semester in residence, the student will establish an advisory committee consisting of the major professor and three other members of the departmental graduate faculty. This committee will evaluate the student's background and interests and develop a program of study designed to prepare the student for the comprehensive examination.

During the first year in residence the student will prepare a grant proposal following the guidelines for an NSF dissertation improvement grant or comparable NIH proposal. The proposal will be prepared with the same care and in the same detail that one would expect to find in a proposal submitted to a national-level funding agency. The proposal will include:

- survey of the literature to develop a rationale for the research

- statement of the problem(s) or hypo- thesis(es) to be addressed

- detailed description of methods including, if appropriate, the experimental approach and planned statistical analyses

- preliminary date (optional, but highly encouraged)

- time line

- bibliography

- budget (optional)

When the research proposal has been approved by the major professor and the student's advisory committee, the student will present a one-hour seminar on the proposed research to the Department. This presentation will occur not later than the end of the student's third semester in residence. Immediately after the seminar, the student will be given an oral examination by his/her advisory committee. This examination will focus on the proposed research, but it can also cover other areas that are relevant to the student's graduate program. The student's advisory committee will evaluate the student's overall performance and may (1) admit the student to further work toward the Ph.D., (2) recommend the limitation of the program to the M.S. degree, (3) recommend that the student's background be strengthened before attempting to continue graduate work, or (4) recommend dismissal from the graduate program. In the event of the third decision, the advisory committee will provide the student with specific recommendations/requirements and will schedule a second evaluation after not less than one semester.

Advisory Committee

The student's advisory committee will consist of (at least) three additional members of the graduate faculty who are chosen by the student in consultation with the major professor. It is the student's responsibility to contact members of the faculty to ascertain their willingness to serve. The advisory committee may include individuals from other departments or persons from outside the University who hold affiliate rank in the Department, with the approval of the Dean of Graduate Studies, but the majority of any committee must consist of regular departmental faculty.

The final member of the student's advisory committee is a Graduate Faculty Representative (GFR) from outside the Department who is appointed by the Dean of Graduate Studies. The Dean will automatically appoint a GFR to participate in the defense of the dissertation if one has not been appointed before that time. However, it has been traditional for the GFR to be an active member of the advisory committee who participated in committee meetings and the comprehensive examination. In such cases, the student must submit a request in writing to the Dean of Graduate Studies that a particular individual be appointed. The GFR must be a member of the Graduate Faculty of Idaho State University.

Composite Minor Requirement

The purpose of the minor requirement is to develop intellectual breadth. The composite minor will consist of 12 or more credit hours selected from at least two departments. Up to 50% of the 12 credits can be upper division undergraduate credits in departments outside the Department of Biological Sciences. The remaining credits must be taken at the graduate level. Normally, the minor requirement will be met by course work outside the Department; however, four credits may be taken within the Department. These must be graduate level credits in an area that is not closely related to the candidate's major area of interest or research specialty. As part of the program of study, the composite minor must be approved by the student's committee and the Graduate Program Coordinator.

Research Tool Requirements

Scientific inquiry at the PhD level requires understanding of the fundamentals of research design and application of statistical analyses. Students should also develop expertise in the use of additional research tools appropriate to their interest and area of specialization. To fulfill these requirements, each student must:

a) demonstrate proficiency in statistics and research design.

b) demonstrate the ability to use an additional research tool. Examples include: electron microscopy, foreign language, instrumental analysis, computer programming languages, GIS-computer-based phylogenetic analysis.

The student must satisfy both a) and b) above. In each case, the student has several options:

1) complete formal course work. The number of courses and credit hours will be determined by the candidate's advisory committee but should be equivalent to at least two upper division 3-credit courses (preferably at the graduate level).

2) satisfy the committee that the student has obtained the proper expertise through non-classroom means (job experience, self instruction, etc.).

Because of the unique nature of the foreign language tool, the student will be required to either (a) demonstrate the ability to translate articles in the field of biology from a foreign language into English, or (b) complete 2 years of the foreign language in college with grades of "C" or better. The articles to be translated will be determined by the student's advisory committee after consultation with the examiner and will not be material that the student has seen previously.

The choice of foreign language is within the discretion of the Department of Biological Sciences. For a candidate whose native language is not English, proficiency in English shall be determined by the Department of Biological Sciences. Language examinations passed at other accredited colleges may satisfy the language requirements, subject to the approval of the MS/PhD committee. Such requests and approvals must be in writing.

Comprehensive Examination

Before submission of the final program of study, the student must pass a comprehensive examination intended to test his/her knowledge of the major and minor fields of study. The student will be admitted to this examination after completion of the majority of the course requirements and when the student is considered by his/her advisory committee to be prepared adequately in the major and minor fields. This is to be interpreted as allowing the student to take the comprehensive exam, even though one or two courses remain to be taken for the completion of the student's program. Several months (3 to 6) prior to the intended date for examination, the student should meet with his/her advisory committee to seek approval to schedule the exam. If approval is given, the student may at that time ascertain from the committee which topical areas will be covered and which committee member will be responsible for each. Students should meet individually with committee members to determine more specifically what materials will be pertinent and how to prepare for the exam. The examination must be partly written and partly oral. Both portions must be passed satisfactorily in order to complete the comprehensive requirements.

The form of the written portion is flexible. But if it is of a "closed book" type, it should not be less than the equivalent of three (8-hour-long) days nor more than five (8-hour-long) days of actual writing time. Normally the written exams will be completed within the span of one week.

The written portion of the comprehensive examination generally will consist of eight sections (each meant to be answered by a three- to four-hour essay) covering the scope of zoology or botany with pertinence to the student's program of study. "Scope of zoology or botany" is interpreted as including the core curriculum in biology (cell biology, ecology, evolution, genetics), other topics in zoology or botany as specified by the student's advisory committee, and the area (s) of specialization (e.g., ornithology, reproductive biology, aquatic ecology). By tradition, the examination also includes questions relating to the student's minor area but not that of the language and/or "tool". Grading will be on a Pass/Fail basis with 75% of the sections graded satisfactory required for a Pass on the written portion. Failed sections may be repeated once, at a time designated by the student's advisory committee, but within a year of the original examination. If a student has not passed 75% of the sections after repeating the failed sections once, that student will be dismissed from the program. The completed and graded written portion of the comprehensive exam is to be deposited in the student's department file.

The purpose of the oral portion of the examination is to provide an opportunity to clarify and explore further implications of the written examination as well as to present the student with new questions in the same general subject areas as those covered by the written exams. The oral portions should not be given until after the written examination has been evaluated by all of the committee members and the student, but no later than two weeks after completion of the written portion. The oral exam must be passed by simple majority vote of the advisory committee. In case of failure, the student may be allowed to retake all or part of the oral examination at the discretion of his/her advisory committee. If a student fails the oral exam a second time, that student will be dismissed from the program.

Doctoral Dissertation

Every student working toward the Ph.D. degree must submit a dissertation embodying the results of original and creative research. The dissertation must demonstrate the student's ability in independent investigation and must be a contribution to scientific knowledge. It must display mastery of the literature of the subject field and must demonstrate an organized, coherent development of ideas, with a clear exposition of results and a creative discussion of the conclusions. Students may register for dissertation credit only after completion of all formal course work.

After the dissertation, in substantially final form, has been approved for format and content by the major professor, and not later than two weeks before the date of the final examination, the student must personally deliver a copy of the dissertation to each member of the advisory committee.

Final Examination

The final examination of the dissertation will be conducted by the student's advisory committee including the GFR. The final examination must be completed at least two weeks before the date set for the commencement exercises at which the student expects to obtain a degree. Students are required to give a departmental seminar on the dissertation immediately preceding the final examination. The examination is concerned primarily with the student's research as embodied in the dissertation, but it may be broader and extend over fields of study related to the dissertation. The final examination is entirely oral and is open to faculty invited by the advisor, Department Chair, or Dean of Graduate Studies. Questions may be asked by committee members and those visitors specifically invited to do so by mutual agreement of the student's advisory committee and the Dean of Graduate Studies. A majority of the examining committee must approve the dissertation and the final examination.

Doctor of Arts in Biology

The Doctor of Arts (D.A.) degree program stresses preparation for undergraduate teaching in biology at colleges and universities. The program is designed to develop the candidate as a biologist, professional educator, and scholar. The general goals of the program are to help students develop:

1. a broad background in biology,

2. an understanding of scientific inquiry,

3. the ability to synthesize concepts of biology and to communicate these concepts effectively,

4. expertise with teaching strategies appropriate for a variety of learning situations,

5. the skills and attitudes that will enhance his or her effectiveness as a college faculty member.

The program consists of a life science component and a pedagogical component. The life science component is designed to enhance one's understanding of biological concepts and ability to interpret current research. This component emphasizes breadth in biology, but does not preclude depth in specific areas of interest. The purposes of the pedagogical component are to enhance communicative skills, to provide experience with a variety of teaching techniques, and to help the student develop a sound philosophy of education.

All candidates for the program must have at least a 3.0 GPA for all upper division courses taken at the undergraduate level, minimum 50th percentile scores on the GRE general and biology subject exams, and must have completed a Master's degree prior to entrance into the program. If a student enters the program without having completed the Master's level research paper in biology or a related science, she/he must complete this requirement in addition to the D.A. degree requirements.

Requirements

The program requires a minimum of 48 semester credits beyond a Master's degree and at least two years of full-time study. Students must complete the required examinations, a dissertation, and an internship as part of the degree program. A written and oral diagnostic qualifying examination is taken during the first semester. The purpose of this examination is to ascertain the student's competency to integrate concepts into undergraduate courses in botany, zoology or microbiology and to help the student plan a program of study. A comprehensive examination must be taken prior to filing a final program of study. The purpose of this written and oral examination is to assess the student's knowledge of a broad spectrum of biological and educational topics and his/her ability to communicate answers effectively. The dissertation must display comprehensive knowledge of the literature of subject fields as well as biological sciences instruction, and must demonstrate an organized, coherent development of ideas with a clear exposition of results and creative discussion of conclusions. The dissertation can be designed to include multiple components such as:

1. biological research that can be applied to the classroom,

2. pedagogical research related to biological sciences,

3. assessment of student learning,

4. in-depth analysis and evaluation of internship teaching,

5. multi-media or other curricular development, use and evaluation,

6. conducting research suitable and involving undergraduates in such research,
and evaluating the efficacy of such involvement.

The final dissertation or parts, must be
suitable for submission for publication in a referred journal.

The internship is a rigorous, thoroughly planned pedagogical activity. Plans for the internship must be approved by the student's committee; a copy must be presented to the biological sciences faculty prior to initiation of the internship. A comprehensive report of the internship, including its evaluation, is required.

During the last semester of the student's program, a public seminar on the dissertation must be presented. Immediately following the seminar, the student's final defense will be conducted by the student's committee. This defense will normally cover the dissertation and internship, but may touch on other topics.

Master of Science in Biology (Botany or Zoology) or Master of Science in Microbiology

The M.S. programs require a substantial, original research project that culminates in a thesis, a minimum of 30 credits (including research and thesis) earned in graduate courses and seminars, expertise in core conceptual areas of the biological sciences, and completion of a research tool.

Admission

Acceptance to the M.S. program requires that a faculty member agree to serve as the candidate's advisor. Candidates must have at least a 3.0 GPA for all upper division credits taken in the previous degree program. Scores in the verbal, quantitative, and analytical portions of the GRE must be submitted; scores in the 35th percentile or higher are required on the verbal and quantitative portions of the GRE. If either the GPA or GRE requirement is not met, the Department may choose to admit the candidate to Conditional status.

Several courses are prerequisite for the M.S. degree programs, and any student who has not met these requirements through previous course work must take them as part of his/her M.S. program. These are:

1) One semester of calculus

2) One year of inorganic chemistry

3) One semester of organic chemistry

4) One semester of physics

5) Six additional credits in physics, chemistry, or mathematics above the levels listed in 1-4 above.

5) (M.S. in Microbiology only) quantitative analysis or analytical chemistry.

These are undergraduate courses; thus, credits earned in them do not count toward the 30 credit hour requirements for the M.S. In addition, there are a number of core conceptual areas of biology to which all students are expected to have had significant exposure by the time they complete their degree requirements. The core areas for the M.S. in
Biology are:

1) genetics and evolution

2) animal or plant physiology

3) cell biology, biochemistry, or molecular biology, and

4) ecology or morphology.

The core areas for the M.S. in Micro-biologyare:

1) biochemistry and molecular biology

2) physiology of microorganisms,

3) immunology

4) microbial genetics, and

5) virology

Students may opt to gain expertise in these areas via a variety of mechanisms including graduate courses, seminars, special projects,

or readings. Although there are no specific credit requirements for the core areas, we expect that the total effort expended in each area would be at least equivalent to that required in a rigorous course in that subject area. It is also expected that any credits earned as part of the graduate program will be at the graduate level (i.e., at the 500 or 600 level); these credits count toward the 30-credit requirement.

Thirty graduate credits approved by the Department of Biological Sciences and the Graduate School are required to complete the M.S. degree program. At least 15 of these credit hours must be earned at the 600 level. Specific course requirements include:
BIOS 691-692 Graduate Seminar 2 cr
BIOS 648 Graduate Problems 1-4 cr
BIOS 650 Thesis 1-6 cr
PLUS Two additional 600-level
courses 6 cr

Students in the Microbiology program musttake:
BIOS 610 Principles of Molecular Biology 3 cr

Tool Requirement: A reading knowledge of a foreign language or proficiency with another research tool is required for the M.S. degree in Biology or Microbiology. Students may satisfy the tool requirement by selecting option 1a, 1b, or 2.

1) Foreign Language:

a) Students who enter the program with grades of "C" or better in two years of a foreign language in college or four yearsin high school, or the equivalent, meet this requirement. Others must pass a total of 12 credits in one language or pass a special exam administered by the Department of Foreign Languages at ISU.

b) A foreign-born student from a non-English speaking country may satisfy the requirement by passing courses (with a "C" or better) in a foreign language other than his/her native tongue (as described above) or two semesters of English composition courses at an English-speaking university.

2) A research tool of equivalent intensity to the language requirement may be substituted for a foreign language. Examples of such tools are biometry, electron microscopy, or a related field outside the biological sciences, such as geology, engineering, economics, or computer science. Graduate credits in the Biological Sciences taken to satisfy the tool requirement count toward the 30-credit requirement for the M.S. degree.

Master of Natural Science in Biology

The Master of Natural Science (MNS) degree is designed for teachers and those who wish to obtain additional breadth and/or depth in the Biological Sciences and related areas. This degree emphasizes subject matter and is a non-thesis program. The degree is only for students who possess a standard teaching certificate or are working toward a standard teaching certificate. It is not designed to prepare students for doctoral programs with a research emphasis or requirement.

Individuals meeting the requirements for admission to the Graduate School should apply to the Department of Biological Sciences for entrance into the MNS program. Acceptance will be based upon review of the applicant's credentials by a departmental committee.

Requirements

Completion of a prescribed program of study approved by a major advisor and advisory committee that is selected by the student; a minimum of 30 semester credits beyond the bachelor's degree with at least 22 credits taken in residence; satisfactory performance on a final written and oral examination.

Master of Clinical Laboratory Science

The M.S. program in Clinical Laboratory Science requires an original research project that culminates in a thesis, a minimum of 32 credits earned in graduate courses (including research and thesis), and expertise in core conceptual areas of Clinical Laboratory Science.

Requirements

Candidates must have a 3.0 GPA for upper division credits taken at the undergraduate level. Scores in the verbal, quantitative and analytical writing portions of the GRE must be submitted; an average score above the 50th percentile on the verbal and quantitative portions of the GRE is required. If either the GPA or the GRE requirement is not met, the department may choose to admit the candidate to Conditional status.

In addition, admission into the M.S. program will require meeting one of the two following conditions:

1) Professionals already credentialed as Clinical Laboratory Scientists or Medical Technologists: completion of a B.S. or B.A. degree in a related science from an accredited university or college and certification by either NCA or ASCP as a Clinical Laboratory Scientist or Medical Technologist. Categorical certification by either of these registries does not wholly satisfy this requirement

OR

2) Professional entry-level M.S. completing certification requirements while pursuing the M.S. degree: completion of a B.S. or B.A. degree from an accredited institution and completion of the following requirements either prior to entry or during the M.S. program:

a) at least 16 semester hours of chemistry to include inorganic chemistry and some combination or organic, biochemistry and analytical chemistry

b) 16 semester hours of biology, to include at least one semester in microbiology

c) one semester of calculus

The core curriculum in the Clinical Laboratory Science program is accredited by NAACLS (National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science). Successful completion qualifies the candidate to take the national credentialling examinations offered by NCA and ASCP.

Core Curriculum Areas

The three core areas for Clinical Laboratory Science that all students must include in their programs of study are:

Scientific subject core area including pathology, hematology, immunohematology, clinical chemistry, genetics microbiology and molecular biology.

Management core area including information management, statistics, Westgard rules, predictive value theory, personnel, financial organizational and regulatory concepts.

Educational core area including educational design and adult learning for professionals within and outside the clinical laboratory setting.

Students are expected to have significant exposure to these core areas by the time they complete their degree requirements. Students coming in with NCA or ASCP credentials have already demonstrated mastery of the core scientific subject area; those who do not have these credentials will be expected to demonstrate mastery by an examination administered by the program before they finish their M.S. studies.

Students may opt to gain expertise through a variety of mechanisms including independent readings, formal course work, seminars or special projects. For those students who are not already credentialed, an additional 6 credits at the undergraduate level, BIOS 411N Clinical Experience, must be taken. This is usually during the summer semester. This does not count toward the 32 graduate credit requirement.

Required Courses for the M.S. in CLS used to satisfy the core areas described above:
BIOS 411N Clinical Laboratory Site Experience 6 cr
OR
NCA/ASCP certification(does not count for graduate credit)
BIOS 511S Laboratory Analysis and Management 3 cr
BIOS 691-692 Seminar 2 cr
BIOS 648 Graduate Problems (research) 4 cr
BIOS 650 Thesis 6 cr

The remaining credits are to be taken from graduate-level courses (a minimum of 16 at the 600 level) in one or more of the core areas with the approval of the candidate's committee.

Three graduate-level courses (6 to 9 credits) approved by the graduate student's committee may be taken from outside the department (to be taken at Boise State University, Idaho State University, or other approved university) and may include adult education, management, and/or medical informatics.

The thesis project may be in a core scientific subject, management or education or a combination thereof.

Biological Sciences Graduate Courses

BIOS g400 Oral Histology and Embryology 3 credits. The microanatomy and formative processes of the teeth and their surrounding structures.

BIOS g404 Plant Physiology 4 credits. Study of plant physiological processes including water relations, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, respiration, translocation of photosynthate, secondary compounds and phytohormones. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND BIOL 203, OR BIOL 101 AND BIOL 102, AND ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY.

BIOS g405 Plant Form and Function 3 credits. Integrated studies of anatomical and physiological adaptations of plants to their natural environment. Data collection and analysis will be emphasized. PREREQ: BIOL 102 OR BIOL 203.

BIOS g406 Plant Diversity and Evolution 4 credits. Study of the reproduction, structure, development, evolution, and classification of the fungi, algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Lectures, laboratories. PREREQ: BIOL 101 AND BIOL 102.

BIOS g408 Plant Ecology 3 credits. Major factors limiting plant growth and distribution with emphasis on adaptation and response at the individual, population, and community levels. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND BIOL 203, BIOL 101 AND BIOL 102.

BIOS g409 Plant/Animal Interactions 3 credits. Coevolution of plant and animal form and function emphasizing pollination, herbivory, parasitism, frugivory/seed dispersal, and optimal foraging. PREREQ: BIOS 209

BIOS g411E Clinical Microbiology II 3 credits. Advanced topics in clinical microbiology, including application of laboratory techniques to the identification and evaluation of medically important pathogens, and correlations with disease states. PREREQ: BIOS 411D, ADMITTED TO MED TECH INTERNSHIP.

BIOS g411G Hematology II 3 credits. Advanced topics in hematology and hemostasis. Application of laboratory techniques, identification and evaluation of pathological conditions of hematology and hemostasis. PREREQ: BIOS 411F, ADMITTED TO MED TECH INTERNSHIP.

BIOS g411I Immunology/Serology/Immunohematology II 3 credits. Advanced topics in immunology/serology/immunohematology. Application of laboratory techniques to the identification and evaluation of antibodies and antigens. Emphasis on transfusion therapy. PREREQ: BIOS 411H, ADMITTED TO MED TECH INTERNSHIP.

BIOS g411K Clinical Chemistry II 3 credits. Application of laboratory techniques, and evaluation of clinical chemistry testing. PREREQ: BIOS 411J, ADMITTED TO MED TECH INTERNSHIP.

BIOS g411M Clinical Laboratory Research 3 credits. Individual theory and application of related topics associated with the clinical laboratory. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR, ADMITTED TO MED TECH INTERNSHIP.

BIOS g411S Laboratory Analysis and Management 3 credits. Advanced principles of current quality control, personnel, financial and regulatory issues laboratory information systems, management and education. Student presentations required. Students taking the course for graduate credit will develop, complete and present a project.

BIOS g412 Systematic Botany 4 credits. Study of classification and evolution of flowering plants; techniques of phylogeny reconstruction based on molecular and morphological characters. Collection/identification of local flora. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND 203 OR BIOL 101 AND 102.

BIOS g413 Biology Teaching Methods 3 credits. Planning, teaching and evaluating teaching activities. Practical experience in methods used in science classrooms and enhancing professional development. Required for secondary education major in biology. PREREQ 16 CREDIT HOURS OF BIOLOGY AND EDUC 302, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g415 Human Neurobiology 4 credits. Cellular-to-organismal structure and function of the human central nervous system (CNS), and CNS pathologies. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g415L Human Neurobiology Lab 1 credit. Detailed examination of the gross anatomy and pathways of the human central nervous system. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g416 Population/Community Ecology 4 credits. Introduces quantitative analysis of populations and communities, emphasizing demography, distribution, abundance, spatial and temporal dynamics, biodiversity, coexistence, and applications to conservation and land use decision-making. Includes data collection and analysis. PREREQ: BIOS 209.

BIOS g417 Organic Evolution 3 credits. An integrated study of evolution as a unifying concept in biology. An examination of patterns and processes that affect the origin and diversification of species through time. PREREQ: BIOS 358.

BIOS g418 Ecological Topics 1 credit. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory/field work dealing with current issues in ecology. Topic/emphasis varies. May be repeated until a maximum of 3 credits is earned. PREREQ: BIOS 209 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g419 Mammalian Histology 4 credits. Study of human animal tissues, including structural and functional characteristics of tissues and organs. PREREQ: BIOS 206, BIOS 207, OR BIOS 303 OR BIOS 301 ANDBIOS 302.

BIOS g420 Musculo-Skeletal Anatomy 2 credits. Study of human body structure emphasizing muscular system and its relationship to axial and appendicular skeleton. Focus on extremities, thorax, and pelvis with applications toward normal, diseased and rehabilitative functions. PREREQ: BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302.

BIOS g423 General Parasitology 3 credits. Study of the parasitic symbioses of animals, plants and other organisms focusing on concepts, principles, and consequences of such interactions and the coevolutionary processes by which they are created. PREREQ: BIOL 101 AND 102.

BIOS g426 Herpetology 3 credits. The biology of amphibians and reptiles: lecture topics include evolutionary history, functional morphology, physiological ecology, biogeography, reproductive, and population ecology. Laboratories and field trips cover systematic, natural history, and collecting/sampling techniques. PREREQ: BIOS 209.

BIOS g427 Ichthyology 3 credits. The biology of fishes; lecture topics include evolutionary history, functional morphology, physiological ecology, and biogeography. Laboratory and weekend field trips cover identification, life history and collecting techniques. Emphasis on Idaho species. PREREQ: BIOS 209.

BIOS g428 Medical Parasitology and Entomology 3 credits. Study of animal parasites, with an emphasis on protists, helminths and arthropods affecting human health and welfare by their presence or indirectly via pathogens they transmit. PREREQ: BIOL 101 AND BIOL 102.

BIOS g429 Regional Anatomy and Histology 4 credits. Regional approach to gross human anatomy emphasizing the use of prosected materials and microscopic anatomy. Designed primarily for students in the Physician Assistant Program. PREREQ: BIOS 301, BIOS 302.

BIOS g431 General Entomology 3 credits. Study of structure, development, classification, and life histories of insects, including ecological, economic and management considerations. An insect collection may be required. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND BIOL 203, OR BIOL 101 AND BIOL 102.

BIOS g432 Biochemistry 3 credits. Comprehensive discussion/presentation of structure, function and metabolism of biological macromolecules and their constituents, including energetics, regulation, and molecular biology, with emphasis on critical analysis of biochemical issues PREREQ: CHEM 301 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g433 Microbial Physiology 3 credits. Comparative physiology of microorganisms, including structure//function, metabolic diversity, enzyme mechanisms of microbial metabolism, and physiology of extreme organisms. Lectures, Class Exercises. PREREQ: BIOS g432 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g434 Microbial Diversity 3 credits. Enrichment, cultivation, and isolation of prokaryotes from various metabolic groups and environments. Microorganisms will be identified using classical microbial techniques and modern molecular methodologies. PREREQ: BIOS g433 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g435 Vertebrate Paleontology 4 credits. Phylogenetic history of the vertebrates outlined in the light of morphology, classification, evolution, paleoecology, and the significance of fossils. Fieldtrips. Cross-listed as GEOL g435. PREREQ: GEOL g431 OR BIOS 314OR EQUIVALENT.

BIOS g438 Ornithology 3 credits. Study of the origin, evolution, structure, habits, adaptations, distribution, and classification of birds. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 202 AND BIOL 203, OR BIOL 101 AND BIOL 102.

BIOS g439 Principles of Taphonomy 3 credits. Effects of processes which modify organisms between death and the time the usually fossilized remains are studied. Emphasis on vertebrates. Cross-listed with ANTH g439 and GEOL g439. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g440 Human Gross Anatomy 4 credits. Comprehensive regional study of gross human anatomy with emphasis on the upper limb, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and perineum. Designed for the first year dental students and complements BIOS g450. Lecture and laboratory.

BIOS g441 Mammalogy 3 credits. General study of mammals including classification, identification, habits, ecology, economics, and techniques of study, with emphasis on North American forms. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOS 209.

BIOS g443 Endocrinology 3 credits. Study of the anatomy and physiology of the ductless glands and the properties and uses of natural and synthetic hormones. PREREQ: BIOS 303.

BIOS g445 Biochemistry I 3 credits. Introduction to basic aspects of biochemical systems, including fundamental chemical and physical properties of biomolecules. Enzymology including allosterism, metabolic regulation, bioenergetics, and carbohydrate metabolism. PREREQ: CHEM 302 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g446 Selected Topics in Physiology 1 credit. Selected topics in physiology for dental students: blood coagulation-complement-kinin systems, prostaglandin and related substances, vitamins, steroids, mucopolysaccharides, collagen and other extracellular matrix molecules and cyto-and molecular genetics.

BIOS g447 Biochemistry II 3 credits. Functional continuation of g445. Lipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. Emphasis is on metabolic regulation, metabolic dysfunction, biochemical mechanism of hormone action, biochemical genetics, protein synthesis, and metabolic consequences of genetic defects.

BIOS g448 Advanced Experimental Biochemistry 2 credits. Advanced laboratory projects designed to emphasize techniques of qualitative and quantitative biochemical analysis. PREREQ: CONCURRENT ENROLLMENT IN BIOS g447 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g449 Human Physiology I 4 credits. First of a two-course sequence. Physiology of the nervous, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems. PREREQ: BIOL 202; CHEM 111 AND 112; COREQ: BIOS g425.

BIOS g450 Head and Neck Anatomy 4 credits. Comprehensive presentation of the anatomy of the head and neck as it applies to the practice of dentistry. Lecture and laboratory.

BIOS g451 Immunology 3 credits. Fundamental concepts of antibody-mediated and cell-mediated mechanisms of immunity. In-vivo and in-vitro antigen-antibody interactions are discussed. PREREQ: BIOS 235 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g451L Immunology Laboratory 1 credit. Selected laboratory experiments to accompany BIOS g451 Immunology. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g451. OPEN TO NON-MAJORS BY SPECIAL PERMISSION.

BIOS g454 Advanced Immunology 3 credits. Detailed study of selected areas of immunobiology. Course content will vary with current demand. Students will lead discussions and present current literature. PREREQ: BIOS g451 AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g455 Pathogenic Microbiology 3 credits. How the medically important bacteria, viruses and fungi interact with the host to produce disease, including microbe characteristics, pathogenesis, pathological processes, prevention, and treatment methods. PREREQ: BIOS g451 AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g455L Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory 2 credits. Will emphasize procedures for the isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria. Clinical specimens will be provided for use in identification of unknowns. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g455.

BIOS g456 Human Physiology II 4 credits. Physiology of gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Includes studies of acid-base balance, peripheral circulation, shock, and temperature regulation. PREREQ: BIOS g449 OR EQUIVALENT.

BIOS g459 Fish Ecology 3 credits. Study of the behavior, habitat use, population dynamics, and management of freshwater fishes, especially salmon and trout. Laboratory and weekend field trips emphasize sampling techniques and data analysis. PREREQ: BIOS 209, BIOS 315, BIOS g427.

BIOS g460 Neuroscience 4 credits. Comprehensive presentation of the anatomy of the central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord. Combined lecture and laboratory demonstration. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g460L Neuroscience Lab 1 credits. Detailed examination of the gross anatomy and pathways of the human central nervous system. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g461 Advanced Genetics 3 credits. Detailed and critical consideration of selected genetic topics with emphasis of recent advances. PREREQ: BIOS 358 AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g462 Freshwater Ecology 3 credits. Study of the interaction of physical and biotic factors in aquatic communities. Field trips. PREREQ: BIOS209.

BIOS g463 Human Pathophysiology 4 credits. The study of basic processes underlying diseases with an emphasis on correlating anatomical, functional, and biochemical alterations with clinical manifestations. Laboratory required. PREREQ: BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g464 Lectures in Human Physiology 4 credits. Physiology of the nervous, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems. PREREQ: BIOS 301, BIOS 302, AND ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY.

BIOS g465 Microbial Genetics 3 credits. Principles of heredity and variation with application of these principles to bacteria and viruses. PREREQ: BIOS 236; CHEM 302.

BIOS g466 Medical Mycology 3 credits. Lecture/laboratory course addressing medically important fungi. Taxonomy, clinical disease, pathogenesis, immunological diagnosis and laboratory identification of contaminants, opportunists, superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic mycoses. PREREQ: BIOS 221 OR 235.

BIOS g467 Microbial Genetics Laboratory l credit. Laboratory investigations of the principles of heredity, variation and genetic exchange in bacteria and bacterial viruses. PREREQ: BIOS 235 OR BIOS 221 AND 223.

BIOS g468 Oral Microbiology 1 credit. Study of microbiology of plaque, caries, periodontal disease, immunobiology of oral disease and control of microorganisms with antimicrobial agents. Four periods devoted to laboratory study of medically important oral microbes. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g455.

BIOS g469 Special Topics in Microbiology 1-4 credits. Study of selected topics in microbiology. Course contents will vary with topics selected. May be repeated with departmental approval for non-repetitive course content. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g470 Cross-Sectional Anatomy 2 credits. Applied regional anatomy as viewed in sectional planes, emphasizing topographic relationships of organs and surface anatomy, with interpretation of correlated CT and MRI imaging. PREREQ: BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302.

BIOS g473 Industrial Microbiology 4 credits. Microbiological and biochemical aspects of fermentative and oxidative processes of industrial importance such as yeast, mold, and bacterial fermentation. PREREQ: BIOS g433.

BIOS g474 Human Anatomy (Occupational Therapy/Physical Therapy) 5 credits. Applied regional anatomy emphasizing the development, histology and gross anatomy of the musculoskeletal, peripheral nervous, and cardiopulmonary systems. Includes laboratory with cadaver dissection. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g475 General Virology 3 credits. Introduction to the general principles of virology through consideration of structure, genetics, replication and biochemistry of animal and bacterial viruses. PREREQ: COMPLETION OF 90 CREDITS.

BIOS g476 Ecology of Water Pollution 3 credits. Study of the causes of pollution and their effects on the aquatic environment and its inhabitants. Special consideration will be given to the biological and chemical assessment of pollution in streams and to its control. Field work. PREREQ: BIOS g462 OR PERMISSION OF DEPARTMENT.

BIOS g477 Bacterial Virology Laboratory 1 credit. Designed to acquaint students with the techniques and experimental principles used in the study of bacterial viruses. Must be accompanied by BIOS g475.

BIOS g478 Animal Virology Laboratory 1 credit. Introduces tissue culture methods and other techniques employed in the study of animal viruses. Must be accompanied by BIOS g475.

BIOS g479 Survey of Electron Microscopy 2 credits. Introduction to the potentialities, theory, techniques, and limitations of electron microscopy. The field will be surveyed as a whole, but primary emphasis will be on biological applications. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g481-g482 Independent Problems 1-4 credits. Individual problems will be assigned to students on the basis of interest and previous preparation. May be repeated. PREREQ: A MINIMUM OF TWO COURSES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g486 Human Systemic Physiology 5 credits. One semester human physiology course emphasizing the function and regulation of the muscular, skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and immune systems. PREREQ: CHEM 111 AND CHEM 112; BIOS 301 AND BIOS 302 OR EQUIVALENT.

BIOS g488 Advanced Radiobiology 3 credits. An advanced-level class covering aspects of molecular radiobiology, teratogenesis, oncogenesis, and acute radiation illnesses. It also considers nonstochastic radiation effects and the epidemiology of radiation exposures. Cross-listed as PHYS g 4356. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS g489 Field Ecology 3 credits. An intensive field of study of at least one biogeographical region to increase students' knowledge of and skill with field sampling techniques, field-study design, data collection and analysis, and report preparation. PREREQ: BIOS 209.

BIOS g495 Ethology 3 credits. Behavior of animals and the evolutionary mechanisms that dictate behavioral patterns. PREREQ: UPPER DIVISION OR GRADUATE STATUS.

BIOS 521 Ecological Concepts 3 credits. Major concepts in ecology in relation to environmental degradation, pollution, hazardous materials, and environmental management. Credit may not be used for a graduate degree in biology.

BIOS 597 Professional Education Development Topics. Variable credit. A course for practicing professionals aimed at the development and improvement of skills. May not be applied to graduate degrees. May be repeated. May be graded S/U.

BIOS 601 Animal Behavior 3 credits. Behavior and social organization of animals with particular attention to the vertebrates. Lecture, laboratory, and field work. PREREQ: GRADUATE STANDING AND PERMISSION OF DEPARTMENT.

BIOS 602 Advanced Plant Physiology 3credits. Study of interrelationships of soil, water, andminerals in the nutrition of plants. PREREQ: BIOSg404.

BIOS 603 Comparative Physiology 3 credits. Study of the ways in which organisms meet their functional requirements. Lecture and laboratory. PREREQ: GRADUATE STANDING AND PERMISSION OF DEPARTMENT.

BIOS 604 Advanced Limnology: Streams and Biotic Production 3 credits. Study of the ecology of streams; chemical, physical, and geological aspects in relation to biota. The production of organic matter in flowing water is emphasized, including the tracing of food chains and food webs and the construction of energy budgets. Field trips. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 605 Biometry 4 credits. Application of descriptive and analytical statistical methods to experimental design and biological research. PREREQ: MATH 143 OR EQUIVALENT OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 606 Scientific Writing 3 credits. Review of basic principles of grammar, organization, style, and persuasive argument as applied to specific areas of scientific writing. Each student will write proposals, technical reports and review manuscripts, and reviews of proposals and manuscripts.

BIOS 607 Environmental Physiology 3 credits. Study of the physiological mechanisms and interrelated behavioral patterns by which animals respond to environmental factors. PREREQ: GRADUATE STANDING AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 610 Principles of Molecular Biology 3 credits. Introduction to subcellular biology andmolecular genetics. DNA replication, cell division, the genetic code, transcription, translation, enzymefunction, and control mechanisms in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. PREREQ OR COREQ: BIOS g432.

BIOS 613 Biogeography 3 credits. Discussion of patterns of distribution of species and theirhistorical and ecological causes. Includes research project.

BIOS 614 Evolutionary Ecology 3 credits. Evolutionary theory applied to ecological processes, including selection theory, ecological genetics, life-history evolution and coevolution. PREREQ: BIOS 209, BIOS 358, BIOS g417.

BIOS 616 Advanced Community Ecology 4 credits. Historical and contemporary concepts and methods in community ecology and its interface with other fields, including molecular biology, informatics, conservation, social sciences, and landscape and ecosystem ecology. Emphasizes quantitative models and data analysis.

BIOS 621 Advanced Methods in Microbiology 3 credits. PREREQ: GRADUATE STANDING AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 623 Soil and Ground Water Bioremediation 3 credits. Theoretical and applied aspects of biological treatment for contaminated subsurface systems. PREREQ: BIOS 587.

BIOS 624 Microbial Ecology 3 credits. Ecological principles applied to microorganisms. PREREQ: GRADUATE STANDING AND A COURSE IN MICROBIOLOGY.

BIOS 628 Cytology and Cell Physiology 4 credits. Advanced study of the functions and structural components of cells. Lecture and laboratory. PREREQ: GRADUATE STANDING AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 629 Basic Concepts in Biology 3 credits. Considerations of fundamental concepts of biology, their origin and development. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 631-632 Advanced Systematic Botany 3 credits. Classification of plants as it rests on morphological, chemical, ecological, and genetic bases. PREREQ: BIOS g412.

BIOS 633 Advanced Microbial Physiology 3 credits. Advanced topics in microbial physiology and biochemistry. PREREQ: BIOS g432 AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 634 Intermediary Metabolism 3 credits. Theory, reactions, and methods pertinent to research in intermediary metabolism. PREREQ: BIOS g432 AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 636 Experimental Intermediary Metabolism 2 credits. Must be accompanied by or preceded by BIOS 634.

BIOS 640 Advanced Topics in Hematology 1-4 credits. Current research and practice in hematology including molecular approaches to diagnosis and treatment and stem cell therapy. May be repeated for a maximum of 4 credits.

BIOS 641 Advanced Topics in Immunology and Immunohematology 1-4 credits. Current research and practice in immunology and immunohematology (transfusion medicine) including molecular approach to diagnosis and treatment. May be repeated for a maximum of 4 credits.

BIOS 642 Advanced Topics in Clinical Chemistry 1-4 credits. Current research and practice in clinical chemistry including innovative instrumentation and molecular diagnostics. May be repeated for a maximum of 4 credits.

BIOS 643 Advanced Topics in Clinical Laboratory Education 1-4 credits. Curriculum design and evaluation in the clinical laboratory setting May be repeated for a maximum or 4 credits.

BIOS 648 Graduate Problems 1-9 credits persemester (may be repeated). Thesis related research. PREREQ: GRADUATE STANDING AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR. Graded S/U.

BIOS 650 Thesis 1-6 credits. Graded S/U.

BIOS 651 Advanced Studies in Ecology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with ecological relationships.

BIOS 652 Advanced Studies in Physiology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with problems in physiology.

BIOS 653 Advanced Studies in Vertebrate Zoology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with problems in vertebrate zoology.

BIOS 654 Advanced Studies in Invertebrate Zoology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with problems in invertebrate zoology.

BIOS 655 Advanced Studies in Vertebrate Paleontology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with problems in vertebrate paleontology.

BIOS 656 Advanced Studies in Systematic Biology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with problems in systematic biology.

BIOS 657 Advanced Studies in Plant Biology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures,andlaboratory work dealing with problems in plant biology.

BIOS 658 Advanced Studies in Limnology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with problems in limnology.

BIOS 659 Advanced Studies in Genetics 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with problems in genetics.

BIOS 660 Selected Topics in Biochemistry 3 credits. Detailed study of selected areas of biochemistry. Course content will vary with current demand. PREREQ: BIOS g432 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 661 Advanced Studies in Environmental Physiology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with problems in environmental physiology.

BIOS 662 Advanced Studies in Developmental Biology 2-6 credits. Flexible use of seminars, lectures, and laboratory work dealing with problems in developmental biology.

BIOS 670 Selected Topics in Microbiology 14 credits. Detailed study of selected areas of microbiology. Course content will vary with current demand.PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 675 Advanced Bacterial Virology 3 credits. Detailed study of selected areas of bacterial virology. Course content will vary with current demand. PREREQ: g475 AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 676 Advanced Animal Virology 3 credits. Detailed study of selected areas of animal virology. Course content will vary with current demand. PREREQ: BIOS g475 AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 679 Electron Microscopy 5 credits. Introduction to uses of the electron microscope in biological research. Designed to develop proficiency in use and operation of the electron microscope, specimen preparation for electron microscopy, and photographic skills as applied to electron microscopy. In addition, students will develop a special project for individual study. Enrollment limited to students who have a demonstrated need to learn electron microscopy techniques. PREREQ: BIOS g479, GRADUATE STANDING, AND PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

BIOS 687 Environmental Science and Pollutants 3 credits. Structure and function of ecosystems, sources and characteristics of hazardous materials, mechanisms and pathways of pollutant transport and degradation, mechanisms of pollutant impact on ecosystems and human health. PREREQ: BIOS 521, AN UNDERGRADUATE ECOLOGY COURSE, OR EQUIVALENT.

BIOS 691 Seminar 1 credit. Review of current research and literature. May be repeated until a maximum of 4 credits is earned. Graded S/U.

BIOS 692 Seminar 1 credit. Review of current research and literature. May be repeated until a maximum of 4 credits is earned. Graded S/U.

BIOS 693 Seminar in College Teaching 2 credit. Review of current research and literature. Rotation of topics will include professional development, theory and practice of science education, and current issues in biology instruction. May be repeated for up to 6 credits. Graded S/U.

BIOS 694 Advanced Studies in College Teaching 2-6 credits. Rotating topics on practical approaches to teaching college-level biology and conducting research in science education. May be repeated for up to 6 credits.

BIOS 699 Doctor's Dissertation variable credit. Graded S/U.

BIOS 700 Supervised Teaching Internship variable to 9 credits per semester. Graded S/U.

Chair and Professor Holman

Professors: Castle, Kalivas, Rodriguez,

J. Rosentreter

Associate Professors: De Jesus, Goss, Hoyt

Assistant Professors: Holland, Krumper, Pak
Instructor: Braun

Assistant Lectureres: Jolley, Omar,

R. Rosentreter

Emeritus Faculty: Braun, Faler, B. Ronald, Strommen, Sutter, Wiegand

Combined BS/MS Program in Chemistry

1. Students will obtain a broad knowledge in the four major areas of Chemistry.

2. Graduates will conduct research in a narrow part of one of the above.

3. Graduates will be prepared to continue their education in pursuit of a Ph.D.

Students may be admitted to the program after having completed 64 credit hours. Application for admission must be made to the Chemistry Department. In addition, the student should have completed the following courses or the equivalent:
CHEM 111-112 General Chemistry I & II 9 cr
CHEM 114 Cations and Anions 1 cr
CHEM 211 Inorganic Chemistry I 2 cr
CHEM 232 Quantitative Analysis 2 cr
CHEM 234 Quantitative Analysis Laboratory 2 cr
CHEM 301-302 Organic Chemistry I & II 6 cr
CHEM 303-304 Organic Chemistry Laboratory I & II 2 cr
MATH 170 Calculus I 4 cr
MATH 175 Calculus II 4 cr
PHYS 211-212 Engineering Physics 8 cr
PHYS 213-214 Engineering Physics Laboratory 2 cr

Requirements (See the suggested schedule)

During the first semester each student is expected to select three faculty members to serve as his/her advisory committee subject to the approval of the Department Chair. In the second semester, each student will form their planned program of study with their research advisor, write a research overview of their project, apply and be admitted to the Graduate School. The student is expected to begin his/her research no later than the beginning of the summer session. Thereafter, individual sections of the research paper will be required as students progress through the program.

Students must apply and be admitted to the Graduate School prior to their fourth year. The student must score at or above the 35th percentile in two areas of the aptitude sections (Verbal, Quantitative, and Analytical/Analytical Writing). Continuation in the program requires that the student maintain a minimum GPA of 3.0 from date of admission and annual approval of his/her committee. It will be recommended that students who are not making adequate progress discontinue the program.

The student must complete a total of 158 credit hours. This corresponds to 128 credit hours for the BS degree and 30 credit hours for the MS degree. The final course selection must be approved by the Chemistry Graduate Program Committee. Students are required to have completed all general education requirements by the end of their second year in the combined BS/MS program. It is the intent that all students will finish within the period of 3 years after admission to the program. Successful completion of the program requires that the student write and defend a research paper embodying his/her research before his/her research committee.

Suggested Schedule

The following schedule will show how a typical student might progress through the BS/MS program. Even though courses are listed as suggested, each student is required to meet all course requirements for the BS degree in chemistry (except independent problems CHEM 481 and CHEM 482). Each student is also required to complete all four advanced chemistry courses (CHEM 609, CHEM 630, CHEM 655, and CHEM 671). These courses are taken during the second and third years of the program.

Third Year (Junior)

Fall/Spring
*CHEM 305 Organic Chemistry Laboratory III 2 cr
*CHEM 331 Instrumental Analysis 2 cr
*CHEM 334 Instrumental Analysis Laboratory 2 cr
*CHEM 351 Physical Chemistry 3 cr
*CHEM 352 Physical Chemistry 3 cr
MATH 230 Linear Algebra 2 cr
MATH 360 Differential Equations 3 cr
Electives 11 cr
TOTAL 28 cr

*Must be completed by the end of the junior year.

SummerBr /> CHEM 485 Senior Research 6 cr

Fourth Year (Senior)

Fall/Spring
BIOS g432 Biochemistry 3 cr
CHEM g407 Inorganic Chemistry II 2 cr
CHEM g408 Preparative Inorganic Chemistry 1 cr
CHEM g453 Modern Experimental Physical Chemistry 2 cr
CHEM g466 Structural Analysis in Chemistry 2 cr
CHEM 485 Senior Research 2 cr
CHEM g491 Seminar 1 cr
CHEM 609 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 3 cr
CHEM 655 Advanced Physical Chemistry 3 cr
Electives 8 cr
TOTAL 27 cr

Summer
CHEM 635 Master's Research 6 cr

Fifth Year

Fall/Spring
CHEM 630 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 3 cr
CHEM 671 Advanced Organic Chemistry 3 cr
CHEM 601 Seminar 2 cr
CHEM 635 Master's Research 4 cr
Electives 13 cr
TOTAL 25 cr

Master of Natural Science in Chemistry

The Master of Natural Science (MNS) in Chemistry is designed primarily for teachers and prospective teachers who want to improve their understanding of the subject matter of chemistry. Emphasis is upon the subject matter and it is generally a non-thesis program. Individuals interested in this degree should hold a teaching certificate or be working towards one. The program of study will be determined in consultation with the student's advisor and committee. The program requires a minimum of at least 30 credits, 22 of which must be taken in residence. A final oral examination is required.

Chemistry Graduate Courses

CHEM g400 Practicum in Physical Science 2 credits. Practical problems associated with equipping, setting up, and operating laboratories inchemistry. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

CHEM g407 Inorganic Chemistry II 2 credits. Structure and reactivity of inorganic compounds including coordination compounds; acid-base chemistry and nonaqueous solvent systems; organometallic chemistry and other special topics of current interest. PREREQ: CHEM 211, CHEM 352, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

CHEM g435 Environmental Chemistry 2 credits. This course applies chemical principles and calculation to investigate environmental issues. Natural systems, environmental degradation and protection, and the methodology of chemical detection and monitoring, PREREQ: CHEM 232 AND CHEM 234, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

CHEM g437 Environmental Chemistry Laboratory 1 credit. This laboratory course utilizes both structured and self-designed field and classroom experiments to emphasize principles of environmental chemistry. COREQ: CHEM g435, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

CHEM g453 Modern Experimental Physical Chemistry 2 credits. Magnetic, optical, and electrical properties of materials, calorimetry, voltammetry, optical and laser spectroscopic techniques. PREREQ: CHEM 334 AND

CHEM 352.

CHEM g481-482 Independent Problems in Chemistry 1-4 credits each. Directed library and laboratory research. Courses may be repeated to a maximum of 6 credits. PREREQ: CHEM 352.

CHEM g491 Seminar 1 credit. A formal introduction to the chemical literature including electronic methods of literature searching. A detailed treatment of methods for presenting scientific seminars including a full-length student presentation

on selected library or laboratory research. COREQ:CHEM g481, g482, 485, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

CHEM 597 Professional Education Development Topics. Variable credit. A course for practicing professionals aimed at the development and improvement of skills. May not be applied to graduate degrees. May be repeated. May be graded S/U.

CHEM 601 Seminar 1 credit. Oral reports of current literature and research in chemistry. This course may be taken multiple times as determined by degree requirements. Graded S/U.

CHEM 609 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 3 credits. Modern physical methods in inorganic chemistry with an emphasis on the application of group theory to spectroscopic analysis. COREQ: CHEM g466 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

CHEM 610 Special Topics in Chemistry 1-3 credits. Detailed consideration of a limited phase of chemistry; course content will vary with current demand and with the instructor; may be repeated with departmental approval for non-repetitive course content.

CHEM 615 Neutron Activation Analysis 4 credits. Theory and use of neutron activationmethods for quantitative chemical analysis of natural and synthetic materials. Applications in geologic systems will be emphasized. Cross-listed as GEOL 615,PHYS 615. PREREQ: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

CHEM 617 Environmental Geochemistry 3 credits. Geochemistry of environmental systems. Emphasis given to low-temperature water-rock interactions, including sorption processes, retardation, reaction kinetics and reaction-mass transport modeling. Cross-listed as GEOL 617. PREREQ: GEOL g420, OR CHEM 351 AND GEOL 109.

CHEM 621 Organic Reactions 3 credits. Advanced study of organic chemical reactions with emphasis on synthetic applications. PREREQ: CHEM 302.

CHEM 625 Quantitative Geochemistry Lab 3 credits. Applications of instrumental methods for geochemical analysis. Cross-listed as GEOL 625.

CHEM 630 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 3 credits. Advanced treatment of standards, sampling, special methods of analysis, and methods of separation. PREREQ: CHEM 304, CHEM 334 AND CHEM 352, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

CHEM 635 Master's Research 2-6 credits. A continuation of CHEM 435 to improve ability of students to solve chemical problems independently and pursue research at an advanced level. May be repeated for up to 12 credits. PREREQ: CHEM485.

CHEM 640 Research Techniques in Chemistry 2-6 credits. Designed to improve the ability of students to solve chemical problems independently in the laboratory; special emphasis on development of manipulative skills, instrumental methods and supporting library research; nature of the projects dictated by students' needs; may be repeated with departmental approval for non-repetitive course content. Limit 12 credits.

CHEM 650 Thesis 1-10 credits. Graded S/U.

CHEM 655 Advanced Physical Chemistry 3 credits. Introductory material from quantum chemistry and statistical mechanics with applications in chemical thermodynamics. PREREQ: CHEM 302 AND CHEM 352, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

CHEM 671 Advanced Organic Chemistry 3 credits. Kinetics and mechanisms in organic reactions. PREREQ: CHEM 302 AND CHEM 352, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

Chair and Professor DiSanza

Professors: Legge, Loebs

Associate Professor: Gribas

Assistant Professors: Partlow

Lecturers: Broadhead, Corrigan, Czerepinski, Dixon, Eckert, Hansen, Kress, Leek, Sowell

Master of Arts in Speech Communication and Organizational Communication

Program Goals

The primary objectives related to the graduate Speech Communication program are to help students develop the following competencies:

1. An understanding of the history and nature of the Speech Communication discipline.

2. The ability to read, understand, and critique scholarly communication-related research and analysis.

3. The ability to design and conduct original communication-related research and analysis.

4. The ability to engage in critical thinking.

5. The ability to communicate effectively in writing.

6. The ability to communicate effectively through oral presentation.

7. The ability to construct and evaluate persuasive messages.

8. The ability to use effective information research strategies.

9. An understanding of the role of communication in interpersonal settings.

10. An understanding of the role of communication in group settings.

11. An understanding of the role of communication in organizational settings.

12. An understanding of the role of communication in historical/current events.

13. The program will facilitate the development of knowledge and skill applicable in graduates' professional lives.

14. The program will facilitate the development of knowledge and skill applicable to graduates' personal lives.

Requirements

To be admitted to classified status students must score in the 35th percentile or above on one of the three sections of the GRE.

For a Speech Communication Degree
SPCH 601 Introduction to Research in peech 3 cr
SPCH 630 Seminar in Rhetorical/Communication Theory 3 cr

For an Organizational Communication Degree
SPCH 601 Introduction to Research in Speech 3 cr
SPCH 635 Seminar in Organizational Communication 3 cr

Students must select one of the following two options:
Thesis Option

A minimum of 30 credits. One to six credits may be thesis credits.
Degree Paper Option

A minimum of 32 credits and one degreepaper. Two credits may be degree paper credits.

Speech Communication Graduate Courses

SPCH g408 Communication Theory 3 credits. Examines models of social science and how these contribute to the development of communication theory. Examines a variety of communication theories in interpersonal, small group, organizational contexts. Focus on history of theory development in communication.

SPCH g436 Rhetorical Criticism 3 credits. Study and application of various theories and methods of rhetorical criticism including Aristotelian and Burkeian principles. PREREQ: SPCH g437 OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

SPCH g437 Rhetorical Theory 3 credits. Principal rhetorical theories from the Greeks through the 18th century and contemporary American theorists. Writings of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero,Quintilian, Campbell, Blair, Whately, and Burke arestressed.

SPCH g440 Gender and Communication 3 credits. Course examines communication arenas from a perspective that focuses on gender and includes study of similarities and differences in female/male patterns. Topics include nonverbal, organizational, language, family and friendship.

SPCH g441 Interpersonal Communication 3 credits. Largely theoretical course, drawing from research in social sciences as well as speech. Focuses on communication variables associated with interpersonal communication including awareness of self/others, nature/functions of language, nonverbal behavior, norms and roles.

SPCH g442 American Rhetoric and PublicAddress 3 credits. Has a dual purpose: to studytheimpact of rhetoric (oral and written persuasion) onmajor events in American history; examine great speakers and rhetorical documents in their historical context.

SPCH g447 Rhetoric of Hitler and Churchill 3 credits. Rhetorical theory and practice of these influential leaders and the impact of their persuasion. Topics include Hitler's oratory, Nazi propaganda, and Churchill's World War speeches.

SPCH g451 Recent Rhetorical Issues 3 credits. Study of the rhetoric of contemporary issues such as the Vietnam war, the Black revolution, and other current political and social topics, including the rhetoric of ongoing election campaigns (taught alternate years).

SPCH g491 Independent Research Projects 1-2 credits. Under the supervision of professors in the various areas of communication, students will prepare reports and carry out projects designed to promote professional growth.

SPCH 597 Professional Education Development Topics. Variable credit. A course for practicing professionals aimed at the development and improvement of skills. May not be applied to graduate degrees. May be repeated. May be graded S/U.

SPCH 601 Introduction to Research in Speech 3 credits.

SPCH 630 Seminar in Rhetorical/Communication Theory 3 credits. In-depth study and analysis of selected rhetorical and/or communication theories. See instructor for specific topics. May be repeated once with permission of instructor.

SPCH 650 Thesis 1-6 credits.

SPCH 660 Graduate Degree Paper 1-2 credits.

SPCH 691 Independent Study in Speech

1-4 credits.

Organizational Communication Graduate Courses

SPCH g441 Interpersonal Communication 3 credits. Largely theoretical course, drawing from research in social sciences as well as speech. Focuses on communication variables associated with interpersonal communication including awareness of self/others, nature/functions of language, nonverbal behavior, norms and roles.

SPCH g452 Conflict Management 3 credits. Examines the dynamics of everyday conflicts across a variety of settings, from personal to organizational. Principles of conflict, similar across all communicative contexts, are emphasized. Theory and its applications are given equal importance.

SPCH g454 Management Communication 3 credits. Examines the communication goals and functions unique to organizational managers and leaders. Topics studied include socialization and training, leader-member relationships, incentive-based systems of motivation, employee identification and commitment, and organizational development.

SPCH g491 Independent Research Projects 1-2 credits. Under the supervision of professors in the various areas of communication, students will prepare reports and carry out projects designed to promote professional growth.

SPCH 597 Professional Education Development Topics. Variable credit. May be repeated. A course for practicing professionals aimed at the development and improvement of skills. May not be applied to graduate degrees. May be graded S/U.

SPCH 601 Introduction to Research in Speech 3 credits.

SPCH 630 Seminar in Rhetorical/Communication Theory 3 credits. In-depth study and analysis of selected rhetorical and/or communication theories. See instructor for specific topics. May be repeated once with permission of instructor.

SPCH 635 Seminar in Organizational Communication 3 credits. In-depth study and analysis of selected topics in organizational communication. See instructor for specific topics. May be repeated once with permission of instructor.

SPCH 650 Thesis 1-6 credits. Graded S/U.

SPCH 660 Graduate Degree Paper 1-2 credits.

SPCH 691 Independent Study in Speech 1-4 credits.

Chair and Professor Stegner

Professors: Benson, Norman, Tokle

Associate Professors: Green, Hill

Professor Emeritus: Hofman

Economics Graduate Courses

(No graduate degrees are offered)

ECON g404 Game Theory 3 credits. A mathematical modeling technique used to describe the behavior of interdependent economic agents. We define Nash equilibria in games with varying information structures: normal and extensive form games of perfect, imperfect and incomplete information. PREREQ: ECON 210 AND ECON 202.

ECON g409 Industrial Organization 3 credits. Industrial organization extends the theory of the firm to examine firms' strategic behavior, including methods to differentiate products and aggressive prizing schemes, and the government's response to these activities. PREREQ: ECON 210 AND ECON 202.

ECON g411 Political Economy 3 credits. A critical introduction to the relationship between economic institutions and social analysis. The social implications of different views on economic concepts, such as the division of labor, capital, and value, are investigated from a classical, neoclassical and an institutional perspective.

ECON g433 Economic Development 3 credits. Theories and principles of economic development, characteristics, and problems of underdeveloped and developing countries, alternative techniques and policies for the promotion of growth and development.

ECON g439 State and Local Finance 3 credits. Study of taxation, borrowing and spending by state, city, county and other local governments. Taxing and spending patterns are evaluated and compared by states.

ECON g472 Comparative Economic Systems 3 credits. Study and comparison of the theories and practices found in various economic systems. Includes a study of both the free market and socialistic planning.

ECON g474 Senior Seminar 3 credits. Discussion driven capstone class that integrates selected topics in economics. Students will be required to do economic research, and write on and discuss current economic issues. PREREQ: AT LEAST SENIOR STANDING.

ECON g481 Independent Studies 1-3 credits. Individuals will be assigned independent problems for research under the supervision of a departmental faculty member. May be repeated up to 6 credits.

ECON g485 Econometrics 3 credits. The application of statistical and mathematical methods to the analysis of economic data, with a purpose of giving empirical content to economic theories and verifying them or refuting them. PREREQ: ECON 201, ECON 202, AND MATH 253.

ECON g491-g492 Seminar 1-3 credits.

ECON 597 Professional Education Development Topics. Variable credit. A course for practicing

professionals aimed at the development and improvement of skills. May not be applied to graduate degrees. May be repeated. May be graded S/U.

ECON 610 Applied Economics 3 credits.

Applied principles and techniques of analysis in micro and macro economics. Cross-listed as MBA610.

ECON 620 Seminar: Philosophy of Social Science 3 credits. The application of mathematical and scientific methods to the study of social, economic, and political life will be considered through the reading of certain seminal writings. Attention will be given to the fundamental assumptions about the nature of scientific rationality. Required of all D.A. students.

ECON 621 Seminar: Interdisciplinary Topics in Social Sciences 3 credits. Examination of selected topics in the social sciences from the analytic orientations and perspectives common and peculiar to the disciplines of political science, economics and sociology. Required of all D.A. students.

ECON 650 Thesis 1-6 credits. The student will do research of an economic nature supervised by a faculty member in the Economics Department. The research project will be of an interdisciplinary nature and the student will be supervised by faculty members from the department(s) involved as well as from the Economics Department. Graded S/U.
Refer to Political Science Department for descriptions of the following courses:

POLS 669 Independent Problems—Tutorial 3 credits.

POLS 700 Supervised Teaching Internship Variable up to 9 credits.

Chair and Associate Professor Engebretsen

Director of Philosophy and Professor Wahl

Assistant Chair and Assistant Professor

K. Comer

Assistant Writing Center Director and Assistant Professor S. Adkison

Graduate Program Director and Professor B. Attebery

Composition Director and Assistant Professor M. Johnson
Professors: J. Attebery, Baergen, Cantrill, Goldbeck, Kijinski, Levenson, S. Swetnam, Tate, Westphal

Associate Professors: Hellwig, A. Johnson, K. King, Launspach, Montgomery

Assistant Professors: J. Adkison, Klein, Skidmore, Whitaker, Winston

Emeritus Faculty: Bagley, Huck, Jacob, Jensen, W. King, Mullin, Myers, Schow, Smith, D. Walsh, M.E. Walsh

Graduate Learning Outcomes
The Department of English and Philosophy offers graduate curricula in English studies which include courses in language, literature, composition/rhetoric, and English pedagogy. The Department offers both the Master of Arts and the Doctor of Arts degrees.

The Department has articulated the following goals and student learning outcomes for students in graduate programs:

Learning Outcomes - Master of Arts

Stated Mission and Goals: Masters-level English programs in the Department of English and Philosophy provide students advanced training in language, literature, and composition/rhetoric in preparation for varying personal and career goals. Such training will provide students with the sound foundations needed to teach in the secondary schools, to teach in two-year colleges, to enter fields in which verbal and analytical training is essential, and to prepare for further graduate work in MFA, DA, or PhD programs.

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Masters-level English students will have an understanding of the history of British and U.S. literatures.

2. Masters-level English students will understand important theoretical approaches to the study of literature and culture.

3. Masters-level English students will design and carry out substantive research projects.

4. Masters-level English students will understand language as a medium of common linguistic principles; they will understand the relationship of these linguistic principles to communication and expression.

5. Masters-level English students will be prepared fur future professional activity as teachers, advanced graduate students, or for professional activity within occupations outside academe.

Learning Outcomes - Doctor of Arts

Stated Mission and Goals: Doctoral-level English programs in the Department of English and Philosophy provide professional training appropriate to terminal degree holders for students in language, literature, composition/rhetoric, and pedagogy. Doctoral-level students will experience an intensive generalist, interdisciplinary degree which focuses on training those who will teach English at four-year colleges and community colleges and also on preparing those who seek careers outside academe which demand advanced training in language, literature, and pedagogy.

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Doctoral-level English students will have a professional, generalist understanding of the history of British and U.S. literatures and the relationship of these literatures to other literatures.

2. Doctoral-level English students will understand and employ in their own work major theoretical approaches to literature and culture.

3. Doctoral-level English students will understand and employ in their own work interdisciplinary approaches to literature and culture.

4. Doctoral-level English students will understand theories of college-level pedagogy both in composition and literature and will be able to effectively translate these theories into practice.

5. Doctoral-level English students will define significant research projects within the variety of areas within English studies; they will complete these research projects and present the results to their professional community in publishable form.

6. Doctoral-level English students will understand language as a medium of common linguistic principles; they will understand the relationship of these linguistic principles to communication and expression.

7. Doctoral-level English students will be prepared for future professional activities as teachers or in other areas of employment.

Doctor of Arts in English

The Doctor of Arts in English prepares graduates to teach in two-year and four-year colleges. Thus the program requires breadth of study in English and American literature, interdisciplinary course work, course work in pedagogy and supervised teaching internships. Students will undertake directed research in one or both required doctoral papers.

Admission

For classified admission to the D.A. program, applicants must satisfy the following criteria:

1. An M.A. in English (or appropriate related field) with an accumulative grade point average of 3.5 in English courses.

2. Scores at or above the 50th percentile on the verbal section of the GRE general test. Scores on the analytical writing section will also be considered in admission decisions.

3. Three letters of recommendation, preferably from professors who know the student's recent academic work.

4. A brief writing sample (about 5 pages).

5. A brief (about 500 words) statement of academic and professional goals.

Priority will be given to experienced, successful teachers.

Students admitted conditionally without GRE scores must take the tests the first time they are offered following their admission. Continuation in the program is subject to a student's meeting this requirement.

General Requirements

The Doctor of Arts in English requires a minimum of 48 semester credits beyond the M.A. degree in English. A course completed as part of a student's M.A. program may be approved to satisfy a particular requirement of the D.A. program, with the exception of the four required seminars in literature. However, the substitution of course work does not waive the minimum credit requirement for the D.A. program.

Not more than nine semester hours beyondthe M.A. may be transferred from other institutions.

At least two consecutive semesters of

full-time residence study are required.

Students must maintain a 3.5 grade point average to qualify for the D.A. degree. Three grades below B during the entire program will automatically disqualify a student.

Graduate students must follow the policy on incomplete grades as it is listed in the Idaho State University Graduate Catalog.

Teaching assistantship