PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Ph.D. in Communicative Disorders, University of
Wisconsin -Madison. Madison, WI. Granted: May
1999.
Advisor: Lawrence D. Shriberg, Ph.D.
Dissertation title:
Articulation rate and speech sound normalization following speech delay.
M.A. in Speech-Language Pathology, Michigan State
University. East Lansing, MI. Granted: August, 1990.
Member of the American Speech-Language-Hearing
Association (ASHA) .
- Holder of the Certificate of
Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP).
Member of the Canadian Association of
Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists (CASLPA).
- Holder of Certification as a
Speech-Language Pathologist (S-LP(C)).
23. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2008). Ear selection and pediatric cochlear implants: A preliminary examination of speech production outcomes. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 72(11), 1663-1670.
22. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2008). Intelligibility of spontaneous conversational speech produced by children with cochlear implants: A review. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 72(5), 559-564.
21. Flipsen, P., Jr., & Parker, R. G. (2008). Phonological patterns in the speech of children with cochlear implants. Journal of Communication Disorders, 41(4), 337-357.
20. Lenden, J. M., & Flipsen, P., Jr. (2007). Prosody and voice characteristics of children with cochlear implants. Journal of Communication Disorders, 40(1), 66-81.
19. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2006). Measuring the intelligibility of conversational speech in children. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 20(4), 303-312.17. Flipsen,
P., Jr.,
& Colvard, L. G. (2006). Intelligibility of
conversational speech
produced by children with cochlear implants. Journal of Communication Disorders, 39(2),
93-108.
16. Flipsen, P.,
Jr.,
Hammer, J. B., & Yost, K. M. (2005). Measuring
severity of involvement in speech delay: Segmental and whole-word
measures. American Journal of
Speech-Language Pathology, 14(4), 298-312.
15. Shriberg, L. D., Flipsen, P., Jr., Kwiatkowski, J., & McSweeny, J. L. (2003). A diagnostic marker for speech delay associated with otitis media with effusion: The intelligibility-speech gap. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 17(7), 507-528.
14. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2003). Articulation rate and speech-sound normalization failure. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46(3), 724-737.
13. Karlsson, H. B., Shriberg, L. D., Flipsen, P., Jr.
., & McSweeny, J. L. (2002). Acoustic phenotypes for
speech-genetics
studies: Toward an acoustic marker for residual /s/ distortions. Clinical
Linguistics and Phonetics, 16(6), 403-424.
12. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2002). Longitudinal changes in articulation rate and phonetic phrase length in children with speech delay. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45(1), 100-110 .
11. Flipsen, P., Jr., Shriberg, L. D., Weismer, G., Karlsson, H. B., & McSweeny, J. L. (2001). Acoustic phenotypes for speech-genetics studies: reference data for residual /Er/ distortions. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 15(8), 603-630.
10. Shriberg, L. D., Flipsen, P., Jr., Karlsson, H. B., & McSweeny, J. L. (2001). Acoustic phenotypes for speech-genetics studies: an acoustic marker for residual /Er/ distortions. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 15(8), 631-650.
9. Shriberg, L. D., Flipsen, P., Jr., Thielke, H., Kwiatkowski, J., Kertoy, M., Nellis, R., & Block, M. (2000). Risk for speech disorder associated with early recurrent otitis media with effusion: two retrospective studies. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 43(1), 79-99.
8. Shriberg, L. D., Friel-Patti, S., Flipsen, P., Jr., & Brown, R. L. (2000). Otitis media, fluctuant hearing loss and speech-language delay: A preliminary structural equation model. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 43(1), 100-120.
7. Flipsen, P., Jr., Shriberg, L. D., Weismer, G., Karlsson, H. B., & McSweeny, J. L. (1999). Acoustic characteristics of /s/ in adolescents. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42(3), 663-677.
6. Flipsen, P., Jr. (1999). Research Note: Prepausal accuracy in the speech of adults with Down syndrome. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 13(1), 55-65.
5. Flipsen, P., Jr. (1998). Assessing receptive vocabulary in small-town Canadian kindergarten children: Findings for the PPVT-R. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology 22(2), 88-93.
4. Flipsen, P., Jr. (1995). Speaker-listener familiarity: Parents as judges of delayed speech intelligibility. Journal of Communication Disorders 28(1), 3-19.
3. Flipsen, P., Jr. (1993). Use of the ROWPVT with small-town Canadian kindergarten children. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology 17(3&4), 145-148.
2. Flipsen, P., Jr. (1992). Considerations for the assessment of phonology in second language learners. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology 16(3), 211-216.
1. Flipsen, P. (1987). Language development in children with Down's syndrome: Delayed or deviant? A review of some of the current literature. Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation 1(2), 83-88.
PUBLICATIONS (in
progress)
Flipsen, P., Jr., Erickson, M. E., & Lee, S. (In preparation). Developmental changes in the American English vowel space.
Flipsen,
P., Jr.,
Erickson, M. E., & Kloos, R. D. (In preparation). Developmental
changes in the vowel space of young children with
cochlear implants.
Flipsen, P. Jr.
(In preparation). Conversational articulation rate in children
with cochlear implants.
Flipsen, P., Jr. (in preparation). Factors Associated with the Intelligibility of Conversational Speech Produced by Children with Cochlear Implants. To appear in: Paul, R., & Flipsen, P., Jr., (Eds., in press, expected spring 2009). Speech Sound Disorders in Children: In Honor of Lawrence D. Shriberg. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing.
Bernthal, J. E., Bankson, N. W.,
& Flipsen , P., Jr.
(2008). Articulation
and Phonological Disorders.
Speech Sound Disordes in Children
(Sixth Edition). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Flipsen, P. Jr. (2008). Understanding Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) for SLPs. Electronic book developed for SLPinfo.org.
Flipsen, P. Jr. (2007). Appalachian English Speech Acquisition. In McLeod, S. (Ed.) The international guide to speech acquisition. (pp. 161-168). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning.OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Flipsen, P., Jr. (in press, expected late 2008 or early 2009). Q10. Severity and speech sound disorders: A continuing puzzle. [expert opinion essay] In Bowen, C. (Ed.) Children's speech sound disorders. Chicester, UK: John Wiley and Sons. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2002). Created
companion web site to accompany textbook Clinical Phonetics
(Third Edition) by Shriberg, L. D., & Kent, R. D. (2003).
To view go to:
http://qa.ablongman.com/qa/ab_shriberg_clinical_3
Flipsen, P., Jr. (1996). To treat or not to treat [letter to the editor]. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 5(4), 56-57.
Flipsen, P., Jr. (1992). Thresholds of discomfort [letter to the editor]. Ear and Hearing 13(5), 290. Flipsen, P., Jr., Shriberg, L. D.,
Weismer,
G., Karlsson, H. B., & McSweeny, J. L. (2000). Acoustic
reference data for American English /r/ and /eR/ in typically speaking
adolescents. Phonology Project Technical Report No. 10. Madison,
WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
To download, go to:
http://www.waisman.wisc.edu/phonology/BIB/Bib.htm
Flipsen, P., Jr. (1999). Longitudinal
Data
on Articulation Rate and Production Unit Length in Children with Speech
Delay, Phonology Project Technical Report No.
9. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison. [updated 2001].
To download, go to:
http://www.waisman.wisc.edu/phonology/BIB/Bib.htm
Flipsen, P., Jr., Shriberg, L., Weismer,
G., Karlsson, H., & McSweeny, J. (1998). Acoustic Reference Data
for
/s/ in Adolescents. Phonology Project Technical Report No. 8. Madison,
WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
To download, go to:
http://www.waisman.wisc.edu/phonology/BIB/Bib.htm
Flipsen, P., Jr., Tjaden, K., Weismer,
G.,
& Karlsson, H. (1996). Acoustic Analysis Protocol. Phonology
Project Technical Report No. 4. Madison, WI: University
of Wisconsin-Madison.
To download, go to:
http://www.waisman.wisc.edu/phonology/BIB/Bib.htm
April 2008. Idaho State University, Research
Coordinating Council. $1200 release time support to write external
grant to NIDCD on "Unilateral Cochlear Implants and Communication
Outcomes".
April 2006. University of Tennessee,
faculty Professional Development Award. $1250 to hire student
transcribers for project on intelligibility of speech in children with
cochlear implants.
April, 2002. University of Tennessee, faculty
Professional Development Award. $4000 to visit Human
Communication Research Laboratory and Bionic Ear Institute, University
of Melbourne, Australia.
October, 2001. University of Tennessee, faculty Professional Development Award. $1380 to attend Acoustic Analysis Workshop, Lincoln Park, NJ.
May, 1987 & May, 1988. Won first prize (Elizabeth Schnurr book prize) in Research in Rehabilitation Conference student essay competition, University of Alberta.
1986-87 & 1987-88. Province of Alberta Award of Merit for Scholastic Achievement.INVITED PRESENTATIONS AND WORKSHOPS
8. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2008, October). Treating Speech-Sound Problems: Articulatory, Perceptual, or Phonological Intervention? Invited presentation at the Inter Mountain Area Speech and Hearing Convention, Salt Lake City, UT.
7. Flipsen, P. Jr.
(2008, September 6). Unintelligible
Young Children: Assessment and Treatment. 1 day workshop.
Scottish Rite Centers of SC Annual CE Workshops for SLPs. Columbia, SC.
6. Flipsen, P. Jr. (2008, September 5). Unintelligible Young Children: Assessment and Treatment. 1 day workshop. Scottish Rite Centers of SC Annual CE Workshops for SLPs. Greenville, SC
5. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2006, June). Speech Sound Disorders
Update. 1 day staff inservice for speech-language
pathologists in Knox County Schools, Knoxville, TN.
4. Flipsen, P., Jr., & Colvard, L. G.
(2002, June). Intelligibility
of speech in children with cochlear
implants. Presentation to faculty and staff at the School of
Human
Communication Sciences, LaTrobe University: Bundoora, Victoria,
Australia.
3. Flipsen, P., Jr., & Colvard, L. G.
(2002, May). Intelligibility of
speech in children with cochlear
implants. Presentation at weekly research seminar of the Bionic
Ear
Institute: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
2. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2002, May). Causes
and speech sound disorders. Why worry? Presentation at the
Speech
Pathology Australia National Conference: Alice Springs,
Northern Territory, Australia.
1. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2000, February). The
Unintelligible Preschooler: Assessment and Treatment.
Continuing
Education Workshop [15 hours] offered via interactive satellite
television
through Minnesota State University, Mankato.
CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS
32. Flipsen, P., Jr., & Kangas, K. (2008, November, upcoming). Side Selection and Cochlear Implants in Children: Expressive Language Outcomes. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Chicago, IL.31. Flipsen,
P., Jr., Erickson, M., & Dinnes Kloos, R. (2008, November,
upcoming). The Vowel Space and
Children with Cochlear Implants: Acoustic Measures. Poster
presentation at the Annual Convention
of the
American
Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Chicago, IL.
30. Ha., S., King, J., & Flipsen, P. Jr. (2008, November, upcoming). Bilingual Korean-English Phonological Acquisition: The Longitudinal Course of Change. Technical paper presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Chicago, IL.
29. Khwaileh, F., & Flipsen, P. Jr. (2008, November, upcoming). Single Word-Level and Sentence-Level Intelligibility Measures in Children With Cochlear Implant. Technical paper presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Chicago, IL.
28. Flipsen,
P., Jr. (2008, April). Speech
production outcomes and
children with cochlear implants: Does it matter which ear?
Paper
presented at the ISU Kasiska College of Health Professions (KCHP)
Research Day, Pocatello, ID.
27. Flipsen, P., Jr., Blaiss, J., & Parker, R. (2007, November). Performance of children with cochlear implants on the GFTA. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Boston, MA.
26. Flipsen, P., Jr., Khwaileh, F., & Erickson, M. (2007, November). Transcription vs. Multiple Choice Scoring on the CSIM. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Boston, MA.
25. Flipsen,
P. Jr. (2006, November). Articulation
rate in young children with
cochlear implants. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention
of the
American
Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Miami, FL.
24. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2006, June). Consonant Accuracy in the Speech of Children Acquiring Appalachian English. Presentation at the Child Phonology Group Meeting, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
23. Flipsen,
P., Jr. (2006, June). Imitated
Vowels and Children
with Cochlear Implants: Transcription vs. Critical Band Analysis.
Presentation at the Child Phonology Group Meeting, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
22. Horton-Ikard, R., Flipsen, P., Jr., & Parker, R. G. (2006, June). Appalachian English in Children and Use of Conventional Language Measures. Poster presentation at the 27th annual Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders (SRCLD), Madison, WI.
21. Flipsen,
P., Jr. & Lenden, J. M.
(2005,
November). Prosody and Voice
Characteristics of Children with
Cochlear Implants. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention
of the
American
Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), San Diego, CA.
20. Flipsen, P.,
Jr. & Parker,
R. G. (2005, November). Phonological
Process
Use by Children with Cochlear Implants. Poster presentation at
the
Annual
Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA),
San
Diego, CA.
19. Flipsen,
P.,
Jr. (2005, September). Treating
Speech-Sound Problems: Articulatory,
Perceptual, or Phonological Intervention? Seminar presentation
at the
Annual Convention of the Tennessee Association of Speech Pathologists
and
Audiologists (TAASLP), Knoxville, TN.
16. Flipsen, P., Jr., & Colvard, L. G. (2003, November). Intelligibility of Speech Produced by Young Children with Cochlear Implants. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Chicago, IL.
15. Mills, C., Flipsen, P., Jr., Shriberg, L. D., Kwiatkowski, J., & McSweeny, J. L. (2003, November). Speech Development in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins with Speech Delay. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Chicago, IL.
14. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2003, June). Mean Length of Utterance in Children with Cochlear Implants. Poster presentation at the 24th annual Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders (SRCLD), Madison, WI.
13. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2002, November). Articulatory or Phonological Intervention: Which One? Seminar presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Atlanta, GA.
12. Flipsen, P., Jr., Thelin, J. W., & Thelin,
S. J. (2002, July). Very Low
Test Scores: Some Issues and
Solutions.
Poster presentation at the 23rd annual Symposium on Research in Child
Language Disorders (SRCLD), Madison, WI.
11. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2001, November). Normalization After Speech Delay: A Follow-up to Gruber (1999). Technical paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), New Orleans, LA.
10. Flipsen, P., Jr., Yost, K., Valentine, D., Edick, L., Bessel Hume, S., King, D., & Vaughn, T. (2001, November). PMLU vs. PCC as Indices of Severity: A Preliminary Examination. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), New Orleans, LA.
9. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2001, June). Early Developmental Milestones and Speech Sound Normalization Following Speech Delay. Poster presentation at the 22nd annual Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders (SRCLD), Madison, WI.
8. Flipsen, P., Jr. (2001, June). Social Skills and Residual Speech Sound Distortions Following Speech Delay. Poster presentation at the 22nd annual Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders (SRCLD), Madison, WI.
7. Shriberg, L. D., & Flipsen, P., Jr. (2001, April). An acoustic marker for residual /Er/ phenotypes in speech-genetics research. Paper presentation at the Child Phonology Group Meeting, Boston, MA.
6. Shriberg, L. D., Flipsen, P., Jr., Karlsson, H. B., & McSweeny, J. L. (2000, November). An acoustic phenotype marker for genetic studies of residual /Er/ distortions. Paper presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Washington, DC.
5. Flipsen, P., Jr. & Ling, L. (2000, June). Silent pauses and long-term normalization in children with speech delay. Poster presentation at the 21st annual Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders (SRCLD), Madison, WI.
4. Flipsen, P., Jr., Shriberg, L. D., Weismer, G., Karlsson, H. B., & McSweeny, J. L. (1999, November). Acoustic characteristics of /r/ in typically-speaking adolescents. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), San Francisco, CA.
3. Flipsen, P., Jr. (1999, June). Longitudinal changes in articulation rate and production unit length in children with speech delay. Poster presentation at the 20th annual Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders (SRCLD), Madison, WI.
2. Flipsen, P., Jr., Karlsson, H. B., Weismer, G., & Shriberg, L. D. (1997, November). Acoustics of /s/: Toward a phenotype marker for residual speech disorder. Poster presentation at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Boston, MA.
1. Shriberg, L. D., & Flipsen, P., Jr. (1996,
November). Otitis media and speech
delay: relative risk and diagnostic
markers. Mini seminar presented at the Annual
Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA),
Seattle, WA.
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
2008.
Member of grant review committee, Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Association of North America (CASANA).
May
1, 2008. Founded commercial information website: http://www.SLPinfo.org
Associate
Editor Language, Speech and Hearing
Services in
Schools. 2007 to present.
Editorial
Consultant American
Journal of Speech-Language
Pathology. 1996-1998.
Language,
Speech, and Hearing
Services in Schools. 2001-2004.
2004. Reviewed new textbook "Evaluating
and Enhancing Children's Phonological Systems: Theory and Research to
Practice" edited by Barbara Hodson and published by Thinking
Publications.
1999-2000. Member Minnesota Speech and Hearing Association Multicultural Affairs Committee.
1996, 1997. Chair - Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders (SRCLD). Madison, WI.
1995, 1998. Committee Member - SRCLD.DEPARTMENTAL / UNIVERSITY SERVICE
2008-09.
ISU-CSED Special Events Committee.
ISU-CSED Clinical Promotion Committee.
ISU-CSED Promotion and Tenure Committee.
2006-07. UTK-ASP faculty search committee member.
2005-2007. UTK-ASP department representative on College of
Arts and Sciences divisional curriculum committees.
2005-06. UTK-ASP Co-chair - faculty search committee member.
2003-2007. UTK-ASP chair, Departmental Curriculum Committee.
2002-03. UTK-ASP faculty search committee member.
2002-2006. UTK-ASP Member Sol Adler Conference
Program Committee.
2002-2007. UTK-ASP Departmental representative on
Linguistics
Program Committee, College of Arts and Sciences.
2001-02. UTK-ASP faculty search committee member.
2001-02. UTK-ASP Coordinated update to department web page.
As Director:
Colvard, L. G. (2002-UTK). The Intelligibility of Speech
Produced
by
Young Children with Cochlear Implants. Master's Thesis.
Khwaileh, F. (2008-UTK). Single Word and Sentence Level Intelligibility
in Children with Cochlear Implants. Doctoral Research Project.
Lenden,
J. M. (2005-UTK). Prosody and Voice Characteristics of
Children with Cochlear Implants. Undergraduate Honors Thesis.
Mills, C. (2002-UTK). Speech and Language Development in Twins
with
Speech Delay: A Retrospective Study. Doctoral Research Project.
Parker, R. G. (2005-UTK). Phonological Process Use in the Speech of
Children Fitted with Cochlear Implants. Master's Thesis.
Stutsy, M. C. (2003-UTK). Extended High Frequency Hearing in Children
with
Speech Delay of Unknown Origin. Master's Thesis.
As Committee Member:
Bowers, A. (2007-UTK). Listener Eye-Gaze Responses to Stuttered and non-Stuttered Speech Events. Master's Thesis.
OTHER
SERVICE TO STUDENTS
2004. Assisted J. Lenden with application for the “Students Preparing for Academic and Research Careers (SPARC) Award” to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. [unsuccessful].
2004. Assisted T. Gerth with application to University of Tennessee Student Summer Research Program. [unsuccessful].
2003. Assisted L. Moss with application for the “Graduate Student Scholarship Competition” to the American Speech and Hearing Foundation. [unsuccessful].
2003 (summer). Acted as “Upward Bound Program” mentor to D. Reed – high school student getting ready to begin studying at UTK and interested in a career in Speech Pathology.
2002. Assisted L. Neal with application to “Research in Higher Education Mentoring Program” to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Ms. Neal received funding ($1000) and was able to spend a week working in the laboratory of Dr Marilyn Nippold at the University of Oregon.August 2007 - present.
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Education of the
Deaf, Idaho State University.
January, 1999 - June 2000. Department of Speech, Hearing and Rehabilitation Services, Minnesota State University, Mankato.
Courses taught: CDIS 212 Speech and Language Development
CDIS 438 Speech-Sound Disorders
CDIS 444 Appraisal and Diagnosis
CDIS 588 Multicultural Issues in Communication Disorders
CDIS 615 Seminar: Speech-Sound Disorders
CDIS 675 Seminar: Craniofacial Anomalies
1991, 1993. Northern Lights College. Fort Nelson, BC Campus. Taught 2 terms of LING 200. Introduction to Linguistics.
1990. Michigan State University. Department of Audiology and Speech Sciences. Taught 2 terms of ASC 276. Descriptive Phonetics.October, 1990 to August, 1994. Full-time Speech-Language Pathologist. School District #81 (Fort Nelson). Fort Nelson, B.C. (Canada). Services also seconded to B.C. Ministry of Health. Preschool, school and adult caseload. Supervisor: Diana Samchuck - District Vice Principal for Student Services.
April to August, 1989. Full-time Speech-Language Pathologist. Slave Lake Regional Office of the Athabasca Health Unit - Alberta (Canada). Preschool and adult caseload. Supervisor: Carla Hanak , B.Sc.S-LP(C), Manager - SLP program.January, 1999 to present. Research consultant, UW-Madison Phonology Project.
September, 1994 to December, 1998. (50% ) Project Assistant, UW-Madison Phonology Project. Data reduction and analysis using computer software. Training and supervision of student hourly employees on acoustic analysis procedures. Assisting with manuscript preparation.
May to August, 1987. Full-time Research Assistant to Frank B. Wilson, Ph.D. University of Alberta. Assisted with voice assessments in university voice clinic. Conducted library literature searches. Developed computerized database.